A Companion to the Philosophy of Science (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy)

Unmatched in the quality of its world-renowned contributors, this companion serves as both a course text and a reference book across the broad spectrum of issues of concern to the philosophy of science. A Companion to the Philosophy of Science ......Page 1 Contents ......Page 6 List of Contributors ......Page 12 Preface ......Page 16 Logical Symbols ......Page 17 Index ......Page 583 Introduction (W. H. Newton-Smith) ......Page 18 1. Axiomatization (Frederick Suppe) ......Page 26 2. Berkeley (M. Hughes) ......Page 29 3. Biology (Paul Thompson) ......Page 33 4. Bohr (Dugald Murdoch) ......Page 43 5. Causation (Paul Humphreys) ......Page 48 6. Cognitive Approaches to Science (Ronald N. Giere) ......Page 58 7. Computing (Leslie Burkholder) ......Page 61 8. Confirmation, Paraxdoxes of (J. D. Trout) ......Page 70 9. Convention, Role of (Lawrence Sklar) ......Page 73 10. Craig's Theorem (Frederick Suppe) ......Page 82 11. Darwin (Samir Okasha) ......Page 85 12. Definitions (Frederick Suppe) ......Page 93 13. Descartes (Tom Sorell) ......Page 96 14. Discovery (Thomas Nickles) ......Page 102 15. Dispositions and Powers (Rom Harré)......Page 114 16. Einstein (Christopher Ray) ......Page 119 17. Evidence and Confirmation (Colin Howson) ......Page 125 18. Experiment (David C. Gooding) ......Page 134 19. Explanation (W. H. Newton-Smith) ......Page 144 20. Feminist Accounts of Science (Kathleen Okruhlik) ......Page 151 21. Feyerbaned (John Preston) ......Page 160 22. Galileo (Robert E. Butts) ......Page 166 23. History, Role in the Philosophy of Science (Brendan Larvor) ......Page 171 24. Holism (Christopher Hookway) ......Page 179 25. Hume (W. H. Newton-Smith) ......Page 182 26. Idealization (Yemima Ben-Menahem) ......Page 186 27. Incommensurability (Muhammad Ali Khalidi) ......Page 189 28. Induction and the Uniformity of Nature (Colin Howson) ......Page 198 29. Inference to the Best Explanation (Peter Lipton) ......Page 201 30. Judgment, Role in Science (Harold I. Brown) ......Page 211 31. Kuhn (Richard Rorty) ......Page 220 32. Lakatos (Thomas Nickles) ......Page 224 33. Laws of Nature (Rom Harré)......Page 230 34. Leibniz (William Seager) ......Page 241 35. Locke (G. A. J. Rogers) ......Page 246 36. Logical Empiricism (Wesley C. Salmon) ......Page 250 37. Logical Positivism (Christopher Ray) ......Page 260 38. Mach (Gereon Wolters) ......Page 269 39. Mathematics, Role in Science (James Robert Brown) ......Page 274 40 Measurment (J. D. Trout) ......Page 282 41. Metaphor in Science (Eleonora Montuschi) ......Page 294 42. Metaphysics, Role in Science (William Seager) ......Page 300 43. Mill (Geoffrey Scarre) ......Page 310 44. Models and Analogies (Marry Hesse) ......Page 316 45. Naturalism (Ronald N. Giere) ......Page 325 46. Natural Kinds (John Dupré) ......Page 328 47. Newton (Richard S. Westfall) ......Page 337 48. Oberservation and Theory (Peter Achinstein) ......Page 342 49. Peirce (Cheryl Misak) ......Page 352 50. Physicalism (William Seager) ......Page 357 51. Popper (John Watkins) ......Page 360 52. Pragmatic Factors in Theory Acceptance (John Worrall) ......Page 366 53. Probability (Philip Percival) ......Page 375 54. Qualities, Primary and Secondary (G. A. J. Rogers) ......Page 390 55. Quantum Mechanics (Richard Healey) ......Page 393 56. Quine (Lars Bergström) ......Page 402 57. Ramsey Sentences (Frederick Suppe) ......Page 407 58. Realism and Instrumentalism (Jarrett Leplin) ......Page 410 59. Reductionism (John Dupré) ......Page 419 60. Relativism (James W. McAllister) ......Page 422 61. Russell (Paul J. Hager) ......Page 425 62. Scientific Change (Dudley Shapere) ......Page 430 63. Scientific Methodology (Gary Gutting)......Page 440 64. Simplicity (Elliott Sober) ......Page 450 65. Social Factors in Science (James Robert Brown) ......Page 459 66. Social Science, Philosophy of (Alex Rosenberg) ......Page 468 67. Space, Time, and Relativity (Lawrence Sklar) ......Page 478 68. Statistical Explanation (C. R. Hitchcock and W. C. Salmon) ......Page 487 69. Supervenience and Determination (William Seager) ......Page 497 70. Technology, Philosophy of (Mary Tiles) ......Page 500 71. Teleological Explanation (Andrew Woodfield) ......Page 509 72. Theoretical Terms: meaning and Reference (Philip Percival) ......Page 512 73. Theories (Ronald N. Giere) ......Page 530 74. Theory Identity (Frederick Suppe) ......Page 540 75. Thought Experiments (James Robert Brown) ......Page 543 76. Underdetermination of Theory by Data (W. H. Newton-Smith) ......Page 547 77. Unification of Theories (James W. McAllister) ......Page 552 78. The Unity of Science (C. A. Hooker) ......Page 555 79. Values in Science (Ernan McMullin) ......Page 565 80. Verisimilitude (Christ Brink) ......Page 576 81. Whewell (John Wettersten) ......Page 579 "A Companion to the Philosophy of Science serves as both a course text and a reference book across the broad spectrum of issues of concern in the philosophy of science." "Taken as a whole, the volume provides an unparalleled survey of all the topical areas, major methods, and stances. With entries on important figures in the history of the philosophy of science, as well as a comprehensive account of areas of contemporary interest, this Companion is the most authoritative resource guide available in the philosophy of science."--Jacket This reference guide comprises a survey of all the topical areas, major methods and stances in the philosophy of science. The book contains entries on important figures in the history of the philosophy of science and a comprehensive account of areas of contemporary interest Axiomatization is a formal method for specifying the content of a theory wherein a set of axioms is given from which the remaining content of the theory can be derived deductively as theorems.