A Companion to Ancient Education (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World)

A Companion to Ancient Education presents a series of essays from leading specialists in the field that represent the most up-to-date scholarship relating to the rise and spread of educational practices and theories in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. Reflects the latest research findings and presents new historical syntheses of the rise, spread, and purposes of ancient education in ancient Greece and Rome Offers comprehensive coverage of the main periods, crises, and developments of ancient education along with historical sketches of various educational methods and the diffusion of education throughout the ancient world Covers both liberal and illiberal (non-elite) education during antiquity Addresses the material practice and material realities of education, and the primary thinkers during antiquity through to late antiquity Title Page......Page 5 Copyright Page......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Notes on Contributors......Page 10 Introduction......Page 17 Part I Literary and Moral Education in Archaic and Classical Greece......Page 21 1. General Issues: Neighbors, Greeks, and Cultural Contacts......Page 23 2. Mesopotamia (the Sumero-Babylonian-Assyrian Educational System)......Page 24 3. Anatolia (Hittites, Hurrians, Luwians, and Others)......Page 28 4. Egypt......Page 30 5. The Levant (Ugarit and Other Canaanites; Israel)......Page 31 6. India......Page 34 7. Iranians (Elamites, Avestans, Medes, Persians) and Scythians......Page 37 8. Cyprus......Page 40 Further Reading......Page 41 1. General Issues: Minoans, Mycenaeans, and the Earliest “Greeks”......Page 42 2. Minoans and Mycenaeans......Page 43 3. Archaic Greece......Page 49 4. Literacy and Early Greek “Schools”–grammatistês, kitharistês, paidotribês......Page 63 5. Conclusion: The Origins of “Classical” Education......Page 67 References......Page 69 Further Reading......Page 76 Part II Accounts of Systems......Page 77 1. Problems with the Sophists......Page 79 2. Plato’s Sophists......Page 80 3. The Sophists’ Activities......Page 82 Further Reading......Page 90 Chapter 4 Socrates as Educator......Page 93 1. Imitation and Socratic Education......Page 95 2. How Literate Was Socratic Education?......Page 97 3. The Socratic Sound......Page 98 4. Socratic Natural Science......Page 100 5. Politics and the Education of Desire......Page 102 Further Reading......Page 105 1. Overview: From Classical Sparta to Roman Times. Ancient Sources—and Modern Approaches......Page 106 2. Classical Sparta: Imposing a Character on the Young......Page 109 3. The Education of Girls......Page 118 4. Spartan Education: A Struggle between “Male” and “Female” Influences?......Page 121 5. Military Training for Boys?......Page 122 Appendix: Spartan Education under the Roman Empire......Page 123 References......Page 126 1. Traditional Education......Page 128 2. Participation......Page 130 3. Athletics and Music......Page 131 4. Letters......Page 133 References......Page 137 Chapter 7 Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy......Page 139 1. Cicero on the Relation between Philosophy and Rhetoric......Page 140 2. Cicero on Philosophical Education......Page 141 4. Pre-philosophical Education: Cornutus and Seneca......Page 142 5. Philosophy: Logic, Physics, Ethics......Page 144 6. The Role of Philosophy, the Goal of Life......Page 146 References......Page 149 Part III The Spread and Development of Greek Schooling in the Hellenistic Era......Page 151 1. Ordo Docendi......Page 153 2. Elementary Schooling in Antiquity: Actuality versus Model......Page 159 References......Page 164 Chapter 9 School Structures, Apparatus, and Materials......Page 165 1. Primary Education in the Archaic and Classical Periods......Page 166 2. Roman Schools......Page 167 References......Page 174 1. The Imperial Greek Literary–Rhetorical Curriculum......Page 176 2. The Progymnasmata in the Imperial Greek Literary–Rhetorical Curriculum......Page 177 3. The Libanian–Aphthonian List of Progymnasmata......Page 178 5. Advancing Through the Progymnasmata......Page 180 6. Theoretical Differentiation of the Progymnasmata......Page 182 7. Progymnasmata, the Three Species of Rhetoric, and the Five Parts of the Oration......Page 183 8. The Influence of the Progymnasmata on Ancient Thought and Literature......Page 184 References......Page 185 Further Reading......Page 186 2. The Gymnasium and its user Groups......Page 188 3. The Spread and Nature of the Hellenistic Ephebate......Page 190 4. Ephebes and the Officials of the Gymnasium......Page 191 5. Specialized Instruction, Intellectual and Physical......Page 192 6. Military Skills......Page 195 7. Ephebes and Civic Events......Page 196 8. Some Conclusions......Page 197 Further Readings......Page 198 Chapter 12 Corporal Punishment in the Ancient School......Page 200 1. From Coercion to Self-Punishment......Page 208 2. Resentment, Misbehavior, and Misuse as Agents of Internalization......Page 210 3. Direct Theorization......Page 211 4. Conclusion......Page 213 References......Page 214 Part IV The Roman Transformation......Page 215 1. The Origins......Page 217 2. Writing in the Orientalizing Period......Page 219 3. Aristocratic Courts and “Secretariats”......Page 222 4. Social, Gender, and Religious Issues......Page 225 5. Writing Schools in Sanctuaries......Page 226 6. Punctuation and Teaching Methods......Page 229 7. Scribes, Trade, and Literature......Page 230 8. Writing Policies and Politics......Page 232 9. Changes in Republican Rome......Page 233 10. National Alphabets and Identity......Page 235 References......Page 236 Further Reading......Page 240 Chapter 14 Schools, Teachers, and Patrons in Mid-Republican Rome......Page 242 1. Reviewing the Sources......Page 243 2. Greek Learning in the Sociocultural Context of Mid-Republican Rome......Page 246 3. Fathers and Sons......Page 249 4. Conclusion......Page 253 References......Page 254 Further Reading......Page 255 Chapter 15 The Education of the Ciceros......Page 256 1. Cicero and Q. Cicero......Page 257 3. Young Quintus and Young Marcus......Page 261 References......Page 266 Further Reading......Page 267 Chapter 16 Late Antiquity and the Transmission of Educational Ideals and Methods: The Greek World......Page 268 1. Christianity and Classical Education......Page 269 2. Educational Geography......Page 271 3. A New Field Emerges: Legal Studies......Page 272 4. Philosophical Studies in Late Antiquity......Page 274 5. Medical Studies in Alexandria and the Ideal of Polymathy......Page 277 6. Conclusions......Page 278 References......Page 279 Further Reading......Page 281 Chapter 17 Late Antiquity and the Transmission of Educational Ideals and Methods: The Western Empire......Page 283 References......Page 292 Further Reading......Page 294 Part V Theories and Themes of Education......Page 295 1. Introduction......Page 297 2. Elementary Education......Page 298 3. Higher Education......Page 302 4. Conclusion......Page 305 References......Page 306 Further Reading......Page 307 1. Introduction......Page 308 2. Educational Opportunities and Levels of Education......Page 309 3. Praise and Blame: The Controversial Education of Roman Women......Page 312 4. Patronage of Literature and Learning: The Example of Argentaria Polla......Page 315 5. Conclusion......Page 317 References......Page 318 1. Household and Professional Work......Page 321 2. Weaving......Page 322 4. Religious Education......Page 323 5. Physical Education......Page 324 6. Musical Education......Page 325 7. Literacy......Page 326 8. Women Intellectuals: Poetry and Philosophy......Page 327 9. Hetaerae: An Intellectual Elite?......Page 329 10. Sparta: An Alternative Education?......Page 330 11. Conclusion......Page 333 References......Page 334 Further Reading......Page 336 2. Historical Influence of Isocrates: The “Father of Liberal Education”......Page 337 3. Works......Page 338 5. Philosophy and the Philosopher......Page 339 6. Politics: Justice and Virtue in the Best Regime......Page 340 8. Isocrates’ View of Human Nature......Page 341 9. The Goals of Isocratic Education......Page 345 10. The Educational Program of Isocrates......Page 348 12. The Limits of Education......Page 349 Further Reading......Page 350 2. Plutarch’s Conception of Education......Page 351 3. Education in the Classroom......Page 352 4. Women’s Education......Page 355 5. Education and Politics......Page 358 References......Page 361 Further Reading......Page 362 Chapter 23 Quintilian on Education......Page 363 1. Contents and Form of the Institutio Oratoria......Page 365 References......Page 373 1. Introduction......Page 374 2. Prelude: De Musica......Page 375 3. Augustine’s Schooling: Confessiones......Page 378 4. A New Concept of Education: The Cassiciacum Dialogues......Page 380 5. Utilization: De doctrina christiana......Page 384 Further Reading......Page 387 Part VI Non-Literary and Non-Elite Education......Page 389 1. The Education of the Artist......Page 391 2. General Education in the Visual Arts......Page 396 3. Learning about the Arts in the Roman World......Page 398 References......Page 401 Chapter 26 Mathematics Education......Page 403 1. Elementary Education......Page 405 2. Secondary Education......Page 406 3. Advanced Technical and Philosophical Curricula......Page 407 References......Page 414 Chapter 27 Musical Education in Greece and Rome......Page 417 References......Page 427 Further Reading......Page 428 1. Medical Education......Page 429 2. Medical Practice......Page 435 3. Greece......Page 436 4. Rome......Page 437 5. Late Antiquity......Page 439 6. Medical Education for Women......Page 440 Guide to Further Reading......Page 441 References......Page 442 Further Reading......Page 444 1. Introduction......Page 446 2. Athletics in Education: Archaic and Classical Greece......Page 447 3. Greek Sport in Education: Rationale and Origins......Page 449 4. Sport and Education in Roman Thought......Page 454 5. Sport as a Paradigm in Greco-Roman Education......Page 456 6. Conclusion......Page 457 Further Reading......Page 458 1. The Republic......Page 460 2. The Principate......Page 462 3. The Later Empire......Page 465 4. Other Lawyers, Other Legal Educations......Page 466 Further Reading......Page 467 1. Introduction......Page 468 2. Ancient and Modern Conceptions of Enculturation......Page 469 3. Physiological and Cognitive Development......Page 470 4. Anticipatory Socialization......Page 471 5. Social and Moral Formation......Page 473 References......Page 477 Further Reading......Page 479 1. Introduction......Page 480 2. Educated Slaves......Page 481 3. Slaves as Educators......Page 485 Further Reading......Page 488 1 Introduction......Page 490 2 Daily Life of Masters and Apprentices......Page 491 3. The Economic Rationale for Apprenticeship......Page 492 4 Apprenticeship and Educational Attitudes......Page 494 5 Apprenticing, Selling, and Pawning: The Grey Circuit?......Page 495 6. Concluding Remarks......Page 496 References......Page 497 Further Reading......Page 498 1. Greece......Page 499 2 Rome......Page 501 References......Page 510 Cross-Reference......Page 511 Index......Page 512 EULA......Page 520 Part I : Literary And Moral Education In Archaic And Classical Greece -- Origins And Relations To The Near East / Mark Griffith -- The Earliest Greek Systems Of Education / Mark Griffith -- Part Ii : Accounts Of Systems -- Sophistic Method And Practice / David Wolfsdorf -- Socrates As Educator / David K. O'connor -- Spartan Education / Anton Powell -- Athens / David M. Pritchard -- Hellenistic And Roman Philosophy / Gretchen Reydams-schls -- Part Iii : The Spread And Development Of Greek Schooling In The Hellenistic Era -- Learning To Read And Write / William A. Johnson -- School Structures, Apparatus, And Materials / Raffaella Cribiore -- The Progymnasmasta And Progymnasmatic Theory In Imperial Greek Education / Robert J. Penella -- The Ephebeia In The Hellenistic Period / Nigel W. Kennell -- Corporal Punishment In The Ancient School / W. Martin Bloomer -- Part Iv : The Roman Transformation -- Etruscan And Italic Literacy And The Case Of Rome / Daniele F. Maras --^ Schools, Teachers, And Patrons In Mid-republican Rome / Enrica Sciarrino -- The Education Of The Ciceros / Susan Treggiari -- Late Antiquity And The Transmission Of Educational Ideals And Methods : The Greek World / Elżbieta Szabat -- Late Antiquity And The Transmission Of Educational Ideals And Methods : The Western Empire / Ilaria L. E. Ramelli -- Part V : Theories And Themes Of Education -- The Persistence Of Ancient Education / Robin Barrow -- The Education Of Women In Ancient Rome / Emily A. Hemelrijk -- The Education Of Women In Ancient Greece / Aleksander Wolicki -- Isocrates / James R. Muir -- Plutarch / Sophia Xenophontos -- Quintilian On Education / W. Martin Bloomer -- Challenges To Classical Education In Late Antiquity : The Case Of Augustine Of Hippo / Hildegund Müller -- Part Vi : Non-literary And Non-elite Education -- Education In The Visual Arts / Jerome J. Pollitt -- Mathematics Education / Nathan Sidoli --^ Musical Education In Greece And Rome / Stefan Hagel And Tosca Lynch -- Medicine / Herbert Bannert -- Sport And Education In Ancient Greece And Rome / Sarah C. Murray -- Roman Legal Education / Andrew M. Riggsby -- Toys And Games / Leslie J. Shumka -- Slaves / Kelly L. Wrenhaven -- Masters And Apprentices / Christian Laes -- Military Training / Preston Bannard. Edited By W. Martin Bloomer. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. __A Companion to Ancient Education__Reflects the latest research findings and presents new historical syntheses of the rise, spread, and purposes of ancient education in ancient Greece and Rome Offers comprehensive coverage of the main periods, crises, and developments of ancient education along with historical sketches of various educational methods and the diffusion of education throughout the ancient world Covers both liberal and illiberal (non-elite) education during antiquity Addresses the material practice and material realities of education, and the primary thinkers during antiquity through to late antiquity Cover; Table of Contents; Title page; Notes on Contributors; Introduction; PART I: Literary and Moral Education in Archaic and Classical Greece; CHAPTER 1: Origins and Relations to the Near East; 1. General Issues: Neighbors, Greeks, and Cultural Contacts; 2. Mesopotamia (the Sumero-Babylonian-Assyrian Educational System); 3. Anatolia (Hittites, Hurrians, Luwians, and Others); 4. Egypt; 5. The Levant (Ugarit and Other Canaanites; Israel); 6. India; 7. Iranians (Elamites, Avestans, Medes, Persians) and Scythians; 8. Cyprus; FURTHER READING; CHAPTER 2: The Earliest Greek Systems of Education CHAPTER 7: Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy1. Cicero on the Relation between Philosophy and Rhetoric; 2. Cicero on Philosophical Education; 3. The Roman Imperial Era; 4. Pre-philosophical Education: Cornutus and Seneca; 5. Philosophy: Logic, Physics, Ethics; 6. The Role of Philosophy, the Goal of Life; REFERENCES; PART III: The Spread and Development of Greek Schooling in the Hellenistic Era; CHAPTER 8: Learning to Read and Write; 1. Ordo Docendi; REFERENCES; CHAPTER 9: School Structures, Apparatus, and Materials; 1. Primary Education in the Archaic and Classical Periods; 2. Roman Schools 4. Socratic Natural Science5. Politics and the Education of Desire; FURTHER READING; CHAPTER 5: Spartan Education; 1. Overview: From Classical Sparta to Roman Times. Ancient Sources-and Modern Approaches; 2. Classical Sparta: Imposing a Character on the Young; 3. The Education of Girls; 4. Spartan Education: A Struggle between "Male" and "Female" Influences?; 5. Military Training for Boys?; Appendix: Spartan Education under the Roman Empire; REFERENCES; CHAPTER 6: Athens; 1. Traditional Education; 2. Participation; 3. Athletics and Music; 4. Letters; REFERENCES