یک قرن ریاضیات در آمریکا، بخش ۲ (تاریخ ریاضیات، جلد ۲)

Deals with some of the influential mathematics departments in the United States. This book also deals with a conference held at Princeton in 1946 to commemorate the university's bicentennial. It covers topics such as the influence of women in American mathematics, the burgeoning of differential geometry, and discussions of the work of von Karman. Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 10 Part Title......Page 12 Mathematics at Harvard, 1836-1944 by Garrett Birkhoff......Page 14 The Scientific Work of Maxime Bocher [Reprint] by G. D. Birkhoff......Page 70 William Fogg Osgood [Reprint] by J. L. Walsh......Page 90 Mathematics and Yale in the Nineteen Twinties by Harold Dorwart......Page 98 The Scientific Style of Josiah Willard Gibbs [Reprint] by Martin J. Klein......Page 110 The Department of Mathematics [Reprint] by P. F. Smith......Page 132 Mathematics at the University of Chicago: A Brief History by Saunders Mac Lane......Page 138 Eliakim Hastings Moore and the Bounding of a Mathematical Community in America, 1892--1902 [Reprint] by Karen H. Parshall......Page 166 Graduate Student at Chicago in the '20s [Reprint] by William L. Duren, Jr.......Page 188 Reminiscences of Mathematics at Chicago [Reprint] by Marshall H. Stone......Page 194 The Stone Age of Mathematics on the Midway [Reprint] by Felix E. Browder......Page 202 The Emergence of Princeton as a World Center for Mathematical Research, 1896--1939 [Reprint] by William Aspray......Page 206 Topology and Logic at Princeton by Saunders Mac Lane......Page 228 Fine Hall in its Golden Age: Remembrances of Princeton in the Early Fifties by Gian-Carlo Rota......Page 234 The History of the Mathematics Department at Stanford by Halsey Royden......Page 248 Studying under Polya and Szego at Stanford [Reprint] by P. C. Rosenbloom......Page 290 An Opportune Time: Griffith C. Evans and Mathematics at Berkeley by Robin E. Rider......Page 294 Institutional Mandate......Page 296 Repercussions of European Events......Page 300 Buyer's Market......Page 302 Taking Statistics Seriously......Page 303 Confronted by War......Page 305 Assessing the Impact......Page 306 The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences by......Page 314 Foreword......Page 320 Algebra......Page 321 Algebraic Geometry......Page 323 Differential Geometry......Page 324 Mathematical Logic......Page 326 Topology......Page 328 New Fields......Page 329 Mathematical Probability......Page 331 Analysis......Page 332 Analysis in the Large......Page 334 Final Session......Page 336 Guests of the University who participated......Page 338 Program......Page 341 Algebra, by B. Gross and J. Tate......Page 346 Algebraic Geometry by Herbert Clemens......Page 348 Differential Geometry by Robert Osserman......Page 350 Mathematical Logic by Y.N. Moschovakis......Page 354 Topology by William Browder......Page 358 Probability by J.L. Doob......Page 364 Fourier Analysis by E.M. Stein......Page 366 Analysis in the Large by Karen Uhlenbeck......Page 368 The Ph.D. Degree and Mathematical Research [Reprint] by R. G. D. Richardson......Page 372 Number of Ph.D's Conferred in US/Canada......Page 375 Foreign Influence on American Math......Page 378 Number of College Teachers of Math......Page 379 Proportion of Ph.D.'s Publishing Research Papers......Page 383 Comparison of Productivity as regards Universities of Origin......Page 386 National Research Fellows......Page 387 Conclusion......Page 389 Women in American Mathematics: A Century of Contributions by Judy Green and Jeanne LaDuke......Page 390 The first fifty years......Page 392 World War II and the Post Was Period......Page 400 The 1970s and After......Page 404 References......Page 408 1. The Place of Mathematics in American Society......Page 410 2. Unlimited Prospect......Page 411 3. Things go wrong for American Mathematics 1893-1940......Page 413 4. Renaissance 1940-1970......Page 421 5. Retrenchment, 1970-1988?......Page 436 6. Some Unfinished Stories......Page 446 References and Notes......Page 452 Recollections of a Mathematical Innocent in Washington by Leon W. Cohen......Page 460 The Flowering of Applied Mathematics in America by Peter D. Lax......Page 466 Theodore von Karman and Applied Mathematics in America......Page 478 Mathematicians and Engineers......Page 479 Aeronautical traditions and innovations......Page 480 Applied Mathematics versus Mathematical Physics......Page 484 Publishing......Page 485 Conclusion......Page 486 References and Notes......Page 487 Norbert Wiener and Chaos by......Page 490 Some Noncommutativity Methods in Algebraic Number Theory by Olga Taussky......Page 504 1. The principle ideal theorem, clas field towers, theorm 94, capitulation......Page 505 2. Integral Matrices......Page 515 3. Conclusion......Page 521 The Geometry Renaissance in America: 1938--1988 by Robert Osserman......Page 524 The topological constraints on analysis by Raoul Bott......Page 538 1. Preface......Page 554 2. Discovery......Page 556 3. A Fortuitous Encounter......Page 559 4. The Kazhdan-Lusztig Conjecture......Page 564 5. D-modules......Page 567 6. Perverse Sheaves......Page 573 7. Purity and Decomposition......Page 577 8. Other work and open problems......Page 584 9. References......Page 590 Edited By Peter Duren With The Assistance Of Richard A. Askey, Uta C. Merzbach. Vol. 3 Edited With The Added Assistance Of Harold M. Edwards. Includes Bibliographical References.