9th International Conference on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam : Proceedings of BME 9, 2022, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Translational Healthcare Technology From Advanced to Low and Middle-Income Countries in the Era of Covid and Digi

This book presents cutting-edge research and developments in the field of biomedical engineering, with a special emphasis on results achieved in Vietnam and neighboring low- and middle-income countries. Covering both fundamental and applied research, and focusing on the theme of “Translational Healthcare Technology from Advanced to Low and Middle Income Countries in the Era of Covid and Digital Transformation”, it reports on the design, fabrication, and application of low-cost and portable medical devices, biosensors, and microfluidic devices, on improved methods for biological data acquisition and analysis, on nanoparticles for biological applications, and on new achievements in biomechanics, tissue engineering, and regeneration. It describes the developments of molecular and cellular biology techniques, neuroengineering techniques, and statistical and computational methods, including artificial intelligence, for biomedical applications. It also discusses strategies to address some relevant issues in biomedical education and entrepreneurship. Gathering the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on The Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam, BME 9, held on December 27-29, 2022, in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, the book offers important answers to current challenges in the field and a source of inspiration for scientists, engineers, and researchers with various backgrounds working in different research institutes, companies, and countries. Preface Organization Contents Medical Instrumentations A Novel Device for Simultaneously Grinding Multiple Tissue Samples Without Cross-Contamination 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Review 1.2 Analysis of Existing Devices 2 Materials and Method 2.1 The Mechanical Design 2.2 The Electronic Part 3 Results 3.1 Cross-contamination Evaluation 3.2 Device Fabrication 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Development of a Smart Guidewire for Intravascular Sensing 1 Introduction 1.1 Subject Introduction 1.2 Working Principle 1.3 Characteristics and Challenges of this Work 2 Introduction 2.1 Subject Introduction 2.2 Fabrication of Pressure Sensor 2.3 Package Process 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of an Assist Device in Data Collection and Rehabilitation Assessment for Patients with Limited Mobility after Stroke When Applying Constrained Induced Movement Therapy-the First Phase 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Constrained Induced Movement Therapy 2.2 Modified Ashworth Measuring Scale 3 System Design 3.1 Expected Functions and Solutions 3.2 Designated Locations of Sensors (MPU6050 and EMG) 3.3 3D Model 3.4 Device Prototype 3.5 Experimental Setup 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Developing a Solid Health-Care Waste Incinerator for Disposing Waste Generated from Covid-19 Treatment and Quarantine Facilities 1 Introduction 2 The Two-Stage SHCW Incinerator Model 3 The Proposed SHCW Incinerator System 4 Estimation of the Proposed Incinerator System 4.1 Estimation Model 4.2 Estimation of Reducing CO 4.3 Estimation of Reducing Dioxins/Furans 4.4 Estimation of Reducing SO2, NO2 and HCl 4.5 Estimation of Improving the Combustion Efficiency. 5 Conclusions References Design of Ankle Brachial Index Measuring System for Detecting Peripheral Arterial Disease with Companion Mobile App 1 Introduction 2 The Proposed Measuring System 3 Evaluation of the System 3.1 Experimental Measurement on Human Body 3.2 Evaluation of the Blood Pressure Parameter 3.3 Evaluation of the ABI Measuring Result 4 Conclusions References Research to Construct Intelligent Control Devices Using Brain Waves for the Disabled 1 Introduction 2 The Proposed Method 2.1 The Block Diagram of Our System 2.2 The System Design Principle Diagram 2.3 Flowchart of the System Algorithm 3 Experiment and Evaluate the Results References Development of a Wireless Wearable Holter to Measure Blood Pressure and Heart Rate for Telemedicine 1 Introduction 2 Design of the Wearable Wireless Holter to Monitor from Distance Blood Pressures and Heart Rate 2.1 Hardware Design 2.2 Firmware Design 2.3 Circuitry Box and Cuff Design 2.4 Calibration Process 3 Result 3.1 Mercury Sphygmomanometer 3.2 Blood Pressure Monitor 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Cyber Telemedicine System Dedicated to Homecare Monitoring for Cardiovascular Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Overview of System Architecture 2.2 App Development 3 Result 3.1 Blood Pressure Data Visualization with Different Chart Types 3.2 App Traffic and Interactions 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Precision, High Intensity and Programmable Current Power Supply for LED in Biomedical Applications 1 Introduction 1.1 Some Applications of Current Source in Medicine and Industry 1.2 Principle of the Current Source 2 Design a Current Source Consisting of a Main Controller and Driver 2.1 Hardware Development 3 Firmware Development 3.1 The Operation of the Mainboard Control 3.2 The Operation of the Driver Control Current Source (Slaver Board) 4 Results of the Current Source 4.1 Testing Methodology 5 Conclusion References Cycling Rehabilitation Device – Design Solution 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology 2.1 Mechanical Design 2.2 Control of the System 3 Results and Experiment Methodology 4 Conclusion and Discussion References Design of a Printer–Based Line Dispenser for Lateral Flow Assay Fabrication 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Nozzle Simulation 2.2 Hardware Modification 2.3 Firmware Interaction 2.4 Printing Test 3 Results 3.1 Nozzle Simulation 3.2 Hardware Modification 3.3 Firmware Interaction 3.4 Printing Test 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine The Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Behavior of Hydroxyapatite from Different Natural Sources in Artificial Saliva 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Preparation of natural HA 2.2 Sample Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Phase Analysis 3.2 pH-neutralization 4 Conclusion References Physico-Chemical Characterization of Animal Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite Sintered at Different Temperatures 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Preparation of Natural HA 2.2 Sample Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Physico-Chemical Analysis 3.2 In Vitro Assessment in SBF 4 Conclusion References Design and Evaluation of Simple Artificial Vascular Graft Bioreactor System 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Review 1.2 General Description of the Device 2 Design 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mechanical Design 2.3 Firmware Development 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Final Product 3.2 Experiments on Bioreactor Incubator System Results 3.3 Performance Discussion 3.4 Beneficial Features 4 Conclusion References Enhancing Stability of in Situ Crosslinked Hydrogel N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan – Aldehyde Hyaluronate by Supplementing Ionic Crosslinking of Alginate and Calcium Ions 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Hydrogel Preparation 2.3 Characterisation 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Hydrogel Formation 3.2 Characterisation 3.3 In vitro Experiments on Cells 4 Conclusion References Fabrication and Characterization of Oxidizedbacterial Cellulose Membrane as a Potential Hemostatic Dressing 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results 3.2 Discussions 4 Conclusions References Investigation of Codonopsis Javanica Root Extract on Open Wound Model: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Investigation of CJR Extract Condition 3.2 In Vitro Studies 3.3 In Vivo Studies 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under High D-Glucose Condition 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Effect of High D-Glucose Concentration on the Expression of Insulin Resistance-Related Genes 3.2 High D-Glucose Concentration Promotes ROS Production in nAT-MSCs 3.3 Silymarin Encapsulated Silica Redox Nanoparticles (SM@siRNP) and Its Antioxidant 3.4 SM@siRNP and Metformin Inhibited High D-Glucose Induced-ROS Production in nAT-MSCs 4 Conclusion References The Effect of 10% Platelet-Rich Plasma on In-Vitro Wound Healing Ability of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under High D-Glucose Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Activated PRP by Calcium Chloride and Autologous Thrombin 3.2 The effect of 10% PRP on Cell Viability of AT-MSCs Under High D-Glucose Levels 3.3 10%PRP Induced the Ability of AT-MSCs to Heal Chronic Wounds In-Vitro 4 Conclusion References Investigate the Effect of Vitamin D3 on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue (AT-Mscs) Under High D-Glucose Levels 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Qualification of the Osteogenic Differentiation of AT-MSCs Under High D-Glucose Concentrations 3.2 The Effect of Different Levels of Vitamin D on the Osteogenic Differentiation Process of AT-MSCs 3.3 Quantification and Qualification of Vitamin D3’s Impact on Osteogenic Differentiation in AT-MSCs Under High D-Glucose Levels 4 Conclusion References Preparation and Characterization of the Hydrogel System N, O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Oxidized Xanthan Gum 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and Methods 2.2 Hydrogel Preparation 2.3 Characterization of Hydrogels 2.4 Endotoxin Test 2.5 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fabrication and Characterization of NOCC/OXG Hydrogels 3.2 Endotoxin Test 3.3 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Test 4 Conclusion References Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical Engineering Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) to Promote Growth and Control Plant Pathogenic Bacteria of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Silver Nanoparticles 2.2 Methods 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Isolation and Identification Morphology of Bacterial Pathogen 3.2 Antibacterial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles 3.3 Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Agronomic Parameters 4 Conclusion References Preparation of Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Spike Proteins Delivery 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 The Characterization of PIC 3.2 The Characterization of PIC-ProS 3.3 The Encapsulated Efficiency (EE) of PIC-ProS 3.4 Stability of PIC and PIC-ProS 3.5 Cyctotoxicity 4 Conclusion References Silver Nanoparticle Inhibited Levofloxacin Resistance Development in Staphylococcus aureus 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Bacterial Strain and Materials 2.2 Assessing the Synergistic Effect Between AgNP and Levofloxacin 2.3 Assessing the Resistance Development of S. aureus ATCC 29213 to AgNP, Levofloxacin, and Their Combination 2.4 Evaluating Interaction Between AgNP and SOS Response Proteins Using In-silico Approach 3 Results 3.1 AgNP and Levofloxacin Combination Resulted in an Indifferent Effect 3.2 AgNP did not Trigger the Resistance Development while Suppressing the Antibiotic Resistance Development in S. Aureus 3.3 Silver did not Interact with SOS Response Proteins In silico 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Catalase-Like Nanozymes and Their Applications in Alleviating Tumor Hypoxia for the Therapeutic Enhancement 1 Introduction 2 Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications of Nanozymes 2.1 Manganese Dioxide Nanozyme 2.2 Iron Oxide Nanozyme 2.3 Cerium Oxide Nanozyme 2.4 Iridium Oxide Nanozyme 3 Conclusion and Outlook References Simple Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based System for Gene Delivery 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Plasmid DNA 2.2 Mixture of Plasmid DNA and Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) 2.3 Transfection of Cultured Cells 2.4 Efficiency of Gene Delivery 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Simple Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based System Setup 3.2 Sodium Chloride Induces Magnetofection 3.3 NaCl Facilitates the Magnetofection in Co-dependent Manner of a Duration and Dose 4 Conclusion References Solid Dispersion for Enhancing Bioactive Effectiveness of Resveratrol: A Mini Review 1 Introduction 2 Resveratrol Solid Dispersion 2.1 Resveratrol-Loaded First-Generation Solid Disperions 2.2 Resveratrol-Loaded Second-Generation Solid Dispersions 2.3 Resveratrol-Loaded Third-Generation Solid Dispersions 2.4 Resveratrol-Loaded Fourth-Generation Solid Dispersions 3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives References Characteristics of Ethanolic Cordyceps Militaris Extract by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Method 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Cordyceps Miilitaris Extraction 2.3 Cordycepin and Adenosine Quantification 2.4 Total Carbohydrate Content 2.5 Total Phenolic Content (TPC) 2.6 Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) 2.7 Antioxidant Activity 2.8 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Cordycepin and Adenosine Content of Cordyceps Militaris Extract 3.2 Total Carbohydrate Content 3.3 Total Phenolic Content 3.4 Total Flavonoid Content 3.5 Antioxidant Activity 4 Conclusion References Development of a Water-Soluble BODIPY Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials and Synthesis 2.2 Apparatus and Measurement 2.3 Cell Culture Conditions and Compound Incubation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Basic Spectroscopic Properties 3.2 Partition Coefficient 3.3 Singlet Oxygen Generation 3.4 Cellular Image 4 Conclusion References Synthesis and Application of Fluorescent Dye BMVA-12C in Imaging of Lung Cancer 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and Apparatus 2.2 Cell Culture Conditions 2.3 Intracellular Accumulation Assay 2.4 Cell Lines Tracker Assay 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Molecule Design and Physicochemical Properties of BMVA-12C 3.2 Intracellular Accumulation and Localization 4 Conclusions References Development of a Novel Sonosensitizer for Sonodynamic Therapy 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Apparatus 2.3 Design of PDT and SDT Apparatus Setting 2.4 Singlet Oxygen (1O2) Detection Using a Chemical Trap DPBF 3 Results 3.1 Molecular Basic Spectroscopic Properties 3.2 Generation and Stability of Photo-Induced Singlet Oxygen 3.3 Generation and Stability of Sono-Induced Singlet Oxygen 3.4 Cellular Sonocytotoxicity 4 Conclusions References Artificial Intelligent and Data Science for Health School Violence Detection with CNN and LSTM 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Design of the Process 3.1 Collect Data 3.2 Build Model 3.3 Train and Test 3.4 Finish the Process – The Web Application 4 Result 4.1 The Model 4.2 The Website 5 Conclusion and Further Work References The Fusion of Feature Extraction Applications and Blurring Techniques for Classifying Irish Sign Language 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Irish Sign Language Hand-Shape (ISL-HS) Dataset [13] 2.2 The Irish Sign Language Hand-Shape (ISL-HS) Dataset [13] 2.3 Classification Process 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Classification Results Using PCA as Feature Extraction 3.2 Classification Results Using DWT as Feature Extraction 3.3 General Performance Compared to Similar Research 4 Conclusion References Application of Artificial Neural Network in Deception Detection Based on Visual Cues 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Preprocessing 2.3 Networks training 2.4 Graphical User Interface 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of the Optimal Timing of Diagnosis/Prognosis of Myocardial Infarction Using the MLP Artificial Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results, Discussion, and Conclusion 3.1 Results 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Deep Learning Approach to Personality Identification 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology and Experiment Design 3.1 Dataset Overview 3.2 Data Pre-processing 3.3 Model Development 3.4 Experiment Design 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion Appendix References Enhancing Cervical Vascular Pattern Segmentation Based on Mathematical Morphology 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Morphological Processing 2.2 Sauvola Thresholding 2.3 The Proposed Method 3 Result 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Processing Result 4 Conclusion References Classification of Alzheimer’s Diseases’ MRI Brain Images Leveraging 3D Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem 1.2 Background 1.3 Current Methods of Diagnosis 1.4 Current Methods of Image Classification 1.5 Literature Reviews of Previous Works 1.6 Hypothesis 2 Material and Method 2.1 Data Acquisition 2.2 Preprocessing 2.3 Data Selection 2.4 Model Architecture 2.5 Training and Validation Techniques 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Seizure Detection Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition and Domain Adaptation 1 Introduction 1.1 Epilepsy 1.2 Related Work 2 Data 3 Methods 3.1 Preprocessing 3.2 Time-Frequency Representation using HHT 3.3 Histogram Representation of Grayscale Sub-Images 3.4 Features Extracting Based on the Histogram 3.5 Domain Adaptation 3.6 Support Vector Machine 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Brain Cell Segmentation from the LIVECell Dataset Using Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Run-Length Encoding Method 2.3 Models 2.4 Training Model 2.5 Metrics 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Design a System to Automatically Detect Common Skin Diseases Using Deep Learning and Web Application 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Retinal Vessels Segmentation Based on Enhancing Multi-scale Line Detection 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Translation Invariant Contourlet Transform 2.2 Line Detector 3 Efficient Retinal Vessels Segmentation Based on EMLD 3.1 Denoising Image 3.2 Segmenting Image 4 Experiment and Results 5 Conclusions References Block-Based Texture Features for Chromoendoscopy Classification 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Block Difference of inverse Probabilities 3.2 Block Variation of Local Correlation Coefficients 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Feature Descriptor for CH Image 4.3 CH Image Classification 5 Conclusions References Data Augmentation Techniques in Automatic Translation of Vietnamese Sign Language for the Deaf 1 Introduction 2 The Proposed Method 2.1 Data Augmentation Background 2.2 Data Augmentation Process 3 Experiment and Evaluate the Results 3.1 Evaluation Method 3.2 Evaluation Results 4 Conclusion References Neer Classification on X-Ray and Computed Tomography of Patients Treated Proximal Humerus Fracture by Surgery at Military Hospital 175 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study Design and Population 2.2 Neer's Classification 2.3 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 General Characteristics of the Study Subjects 3.2 General Characteristics of the Study Subjects 4 Discussion 4.1 General Characteristics of the Study Subjects 4.2 Injury Characteristics Based on the Diagnostic Imaging 5 Conclusion 6 Petition References Lab-on-Chip and Microfluidics Quantitative Thrombogenesis Analysis in an In-vitro Microfluidic Chip Using Image Analysis and CFD 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Fabrication 2.2 Blood Experiment 3 Results 3.1 Image Analysis 3.2 Simulation 4 Conclusion References Fabrication and Evaluation of Silk Microneedle Using Replica Molding from Milled Master Mold 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 2.1 Silk Fibroin Preparation 2.2 Microneedle Fabrication 2.3 Mechanical Strength Test 2.4 Penetration Test 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Mechanical Strength Test 3.2 Penetration Test 4 Conclusion References Low-Cost Lateral Flow Dispenser System for Manufacturing Rapid Test Kits 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Hardware 2.2 Electronics 2.3 Dispensing on Nitrocellulose Membrane 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The Development of a Portable and Reusable Ketamine Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.2 Impedance Analyzer and the Electrode Sensor 2.3 Experimental Procedures 2.4 Evaluation of the Electrode Sensor for Ketamine Detection 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Characteristic Measurement Frequency, Linearity, Sensitivity, and Quantification Tests 3.2 Identification and Interference Tests 3.3 Comparison with Other Presented Works on Ketamine Detection 4 Conclusions References The Formation of Fibrillar Fibronectin Under the Effect of Abnormal Shear Rate Within a Stenosis Vessel 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Simulation 2.2 Flow Experiment 3 Results 3.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Results 3.2 Flow Experiment Result 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Immobilization of Anti-hCG Antibody to Nitrocellulose via Protein G 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Immobilization Efficiency of Protein G on Nitrocellulose Membrane 3.2 The Optimal Ratio of Protein G and β1-mAb Antibody for the Immobilization of hCG-Specific Antibody via Protein G 3.3 The hCG detection capability of the fabricated LFAs 4 Conclusion References A Comparison of Single-Sized and Mixed-Sized Particles on Lateral Flow Assay Performance for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Detection 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Principle of LFA 2.3 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterization of GNPs 4 Conclusion References Advancing Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay Analysis on Electrowetting-on-Dielectric Digital Microfluidic System with Integrated Impedance Analyzer 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Digital Microfluidics (DMF) Device 2.3 Experimental Setup 3 Results 3.1 Effect of Dielectric Layer 3.2 Calibration and Validation Result 3.3 RPA Droplet Actuation 3.4 Impedance Measurement of RPA Assay 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Biophotonics Optical Design for Automatic Inspection System of Defects on Disposable Surgical Scalpel Blades Using Machine Vision 1 Introduction 2 Objects, System, and Methods 2.1 Objects 2.2 System 2.3 Illumination Lighting Method 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Study of Spinal Deformity by Optical Formetric Method 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Equipment 2.2 Subjects 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Investigation of the Glucose Molar Absorptivity Concerning Sugar Concentration from Visible to Mid-Infrared (450 – 1550 nm) 1 Introduction 2 Method and Materials 2.1 Beer-Lambert Law 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Experiment with Aqueous Solution 2.4 Experiment with VivaChek Ino Control Solution 2.5 Experiment with Whole Blood Solution 3 Results 3.1 Experiment with Aqueous Solution 3.2 Experiment with VivaChek Ino Control Solution 3.3 Experiment with Whole Blood Solution 4 Conclusions References Evaluating the Effectiveness of Using Low-Level Laser Therapy for the Healing Process of Third-Degree Burns in Mice 1 Introduction 2 Equipment and Treatment Experiment 2.1 Low-Level Laser Source (650 nm) 2.2 Wounds Creation Device 2.3 Experiment Setup 3 Treatment Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Pesticide Detection Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Its Barcode Database Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Experimentals 2.1 System Architecture 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Program Proceeding 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Data Preprocessing 3.2 Barcode 4 Conclusion References Classification of Breast Cancer Images in Mice Utilizing Mueller Matrix Transformation 1 Introduction 2 Sample Preparation 3 Experimental Setup 4 Mueller Matrix Imaging Polarimetry System 4.1 Mueller Matrix Formalism 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Biomedical Entrepreneurship Development and Commercialization of a Brain Training App Targeting the Vietnamese Elderly 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Market Research 2.2 Game Packets 2.3 Game Design 2.4 Customer Validation (CV) 2.5 Financial Analysis and Business Model Canvas (BMC) 3 Results 3.1 Customer Discovery Results 3.2 Smartphone Application – UI (User Interface) Design 3.3 Customer Validation Results 3.4 Financial Analysis 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Model for Academic Entrepreneurship in Biomedical Engineering Program for Vietnam 1 Introduction 2 Entrepreneurship Education in Engineering 3 Entrepreneurship Education in Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Investigation on the Design and Implementation of Thermal Therapy Mat 1 Introduction 2 Market study 2.1 Thermal Therapy Market 2.2 Demand in Vietnam 2.3 Product Scope and Specification 3 Design of Equipment 3.1 Method of Thermal Control 3.2 System Design 3.3 Firmware Algorithm 3.4 Control Software Coding 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Mockup Results 4.2 Performance Testing Results 4.3 Bill of Material 5 Conclusion References Entrepreneurial Intention Among Engineering Students: Explanation Using Theory of Planned Behavior 1 Introduction 2 Hypothesis Development 2.1 Perceived Career Option 2.2 Entrepreneurial Knnowledge 2.3 Entrepreneurial Personality Traits 2.4 Personal Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Self-efficacy Towards Entrepreneurship 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Measurement Items 3.3 Statistical Analysis Technique 4 Results 4.1 Descriptive Analysis 4.2 Measurement Model Assessment 4.3 Structural Model Assessment 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Entrepreneurial Intention Among Engineering Students: Focus on Entrepreneurial Motivation 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical Framework 2.2 Hypothesis Development 2.3 Conceptual Framework 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design Overview 3.2 Data Collection and Sample Size 3.3 Measurement Items 4 Results 5 Discussion 5.1 Practical Implication 5.2 Limitation and Further Research 6 Conclusion References Neuroengineering Classification of Concentration and Rest by Power Spectral Analysis with Support Vector Machine Model 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Acquisition 2.2 Experimental Protocol 2.3 Signal Processing 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References An Automated Scoring for REM and N3 Stage Using Wavelet Filters and Support Vector Machine with PSG Signal 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Results of Independent Scoring Two Stages: REM and N3 3.2 The Results of an Automated Scoring Sleep Stage: 03 Classes (N3, REM, Others) 4 Conclusions References A Decision-Making Process Analysis Based on Prefrontal Hemispheric Asymmetry 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Feature Selection 3.2 Classification Performance 3.3 The Specific Frequency Band of Decision-Making 4 Conclusion Appendix References Fabrication of Ferritin Nanoparticle Patterns for Controlling Neuron Adhesion and Neurite Outgrowth 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Ferrin Nanoparticle Pattern Fabrication 2.2 Neuron Preparation for Cell Culture 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Patterns of Ferrin Nanoparticles 3.2 Neurons Cultured on the Patterns and Characterizations 4 Conclusions References Clinicoepidemiology of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Initial Utilizing Videonystagmography in the Department of Neurology 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Methods 2.3 Diagnostic Criteria 2.4 Videonystagmography System Protocol 2.5 Data Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Molecular Medicine Assessment of Trizol-Based Method for Isolating Small RNAs from Plasma 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Sample Size 2.2 Sample Preparation 2.3 sRNA Extraction 2.4 Method Assessment 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Sample Size 3.2 Assessment 4 Conclusion References High Expression of Mannosyl-Oligosaccharide Glucosidase Is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Subcellular Location of MOGS and Protein Interactions 3.2 Expression of MOGS in Normal and Renal Cancer Tissues 3.3 Correlation between MOGS Expression and Overall Survival Outcome in Cancer Patients 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References SMC1A-Related Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: A Case Report and Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Case Report and Literature Review 2.1 Case Report 2.2 Literature Review 3 Discussion and Conclusion References Identification of GRB10 Expression as a Novel Blood Biomarker for Prognosis of COVID-19 Severity 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Patients and Gene Expression Profiles 2.2 Statistical Methods 3 Results 3.1 High Expression of GRB10 was Detected in Critical COVID-19 Cases 3.2 Determination of Severe COVID-19 Patients by GRB10 Expression Showed Great Reliability 3.3 Survival Analysis in GSE157103 Highlighted Prognostic Ability of GRB10 for Mechanical Ventilation 3.4 Protein-Protein Interaction Illustrated a Close Association Between GRB10 and Insulin 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effects of Fluoroquinolone Exposure to Growth and Morphology in Staphylococcus aureus 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Bacterial Strains 2.2 Growth Rate Analysis 2.3 Morphology Assessment 3 Results 3.1 Altered Growth Behavior of S. Aureus after FQ Exposure 3.2 Reduction in Colony Perimeter of FQ-Exposed Strains 3.3 The Significant Change in SCV Percentage of FQ-Exposed Strains 3.4 Increase in the Single-Cell Perimeter of FQ-Exposed Strains 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Down-Regulation of DHRS1 Predicts Poor Survival Outcome of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Patients and Gene Expression Profiles 2.2 DHRS1 Selection and its Correlation with Clinical Information 2.3 Antioxidant Activity, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Hypoxia, and DHRS1 Expression 2.4 Statistical Methods 3 Results 3.1 DHRS1 Expression Level was Downregulated in Tumor Samples 3.2 High Expression of DHRS1 is Associated with Longer Survival, Recurrence, and Disease-Free Times 3.3 DHRS1 Expression Decreased in the Advanced Stages 3.4 Downregulation of DHRS1 is Associated with Large Tumor Size, Multinodular Formation, High AFP Levels, a High Risk of Metastasis, and Macrovascular Invasion 3.5 The DHRS1 is an Independent Predictor of Survival Outcomes and Recurrence Time in HCC 3.6 DHRS1 Expression Levels are Correlated with Antioxidant Activity, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species Genes, and Hypoxia 4 Discussion References Antibacterial Effect of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Against Periodontal Pathogens 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Subjects Selection and PRF Preparation 2.2 Bacterial Sample Preparation 2.3 Agar Diffusion Test 2.4 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Assay 2.5 Antibiofilm Formation or Anti-adhesion Assay 2.6 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion References Modeling and Simulation in Biomedical Engineering Applying the Bilinear Model to Identify the Ventilator’s Two Double-Acting Pistons Pump 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Overall System 2.2 Bilinear Model 2.3 Identification of the ELM model 3 Results 4 Conclusion and Discussion References Designing a Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle Measurement System to Support Evaluating Nutritional Status and Biochemical Components of Human Body 1 Introduction 2 The Proposed Measuring System 3 Evaluation of the System 3.1 Evaluation of the Sine Wave Generator 3.2 Evaluation of the Comparator 3.3 Evaluation of the Phased Detected Circuit 3.4 Experimental Measurement on Human Body 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References Optimizing Near-Infr