6th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering: Proceedings of ICNBME-2023, September 20–23, 2023, Chisinau, Moldova - ... and Rehabilitation (IFMBE Proceedings, 92)

This book reports on advances in fundamental and applied research at the interface between nanotechnology and biomedical engineering. Gathering peer-reviewed contributions to the 6th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering, ICNBME held on September 20-23, 2023, in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, this second volume of the proceedings focuses on clinical engineering and instrumentation, bioinformatics, image and signal processing techniques, and new technologies for medical diagnosis, treatment and personalised medicine. With a good balance of theory and practice, the book offers a timely snapshot of multidisciplinary research at the interface between physics, chemistry, biomedicine, materials science, and engineering. Preface Organization Plenary Speakers, Abstracts Genes, Cells and Discovery in Basic Science and Disease Tetrapods and Aeromaterials for Antiviral and Antibacterial Treatment and Therapy Single-Crystal Diamond Radiation Detector Strategic Integration of Electrospinning and Additive Processing for Smart and Sustainable Nanostructures Superconducting Order Parameter in Inhomogeneous Superconductors Rehabilitation Using a Data Glove for Moving the Paralyzed Fingers Importance of Training Healthcare Professionals in Medical Technology Nanocomposites and Polymer Thin Films: From Gas Phase Synthesis to Functional Applications 3D Nanoarchitectures—A Novel Class of Materials: Perspective for Sustainable Development Engineering Heterostructured Nanomaterials for Nanoelectronic and Biomedical Applications Brain-Like Artificial Neural Network Based on Superconducting Neurons and Synapses Evaluation of Health Technology in Republic Moldova New Areas of Research and Applications for GaN Manifestations of Unconventional Pairing Symmetry in Superconducting Hybrids Perspective of Electronics at Atomic Scale—2D SnS—A Ferroelectric for Low-Power Applications Contents Clinical Engineering and Bioinstrumentation Publication Practices Among Pivotal Clinical Trials of High-Risk Medical Devices 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Data Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Studies Characteristics 3.2 Population and Outcomes Comparison 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Three Dimensional X-ray CT Reading Assistance System with Video See Through Display 1 Introduction 2 Purpose 3 Proposal System 3.1 Devices for Experiment 3.2 System Configuration 3.3 Device-Based Operation 4 Representation of Cross-Sections 4.1 Formulae 5 Result 6 Conclusions References Videosupported Treatment as Method of Delivering the Healthcare to Tuberculosis 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Assessment of the Demographical and Epidemiological Risk Factors for Tuberculosis 3.2 Tuberculosis Peculiarities, Data of Laboratory and Radiological Investigations 3.3 Anti-tuberculosis Treatment Effectiveness, Advantages and Issues in Delivering the Video-Supported Health-Care 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Feasibility Study for a Robotic Laparoscopic Surgical System in a Greek Public Hospital 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Background 2.2 Comparison of Clinical Outcomes 2.3 Cost Analysis 2.4 Recalls 3 Results 3.1 Clinical Outcomes 3.2 Costs 3.3 Recalls 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Integration of Scpi over Vxi-11 Protocols in an Automated Gas Sensing Measurement System 1 Introduction 2 Measurement System Architecture 2.1 Existing Measurement Systems 2.2 General Architecture 2.3 Software Platform 2.4 Communication Between Source Meter and Software Application 3 Experimental Setup and Procedures 3.1 Gas Sensing Measurement Configuration 3.2 Data Acquisition and Analysis 3.3 Data Storage and Reporting 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Transient Measurements in Time 4.2 Volt-Ampere Characteristics Measurements 5 Implications and Future Directions 6 Conclusion References Assisting Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing People in Critical Situations: Alleviating Stress and Enhancing Safety 1 Introduction 2 DHHP Emergency Alert System: Integrated Solution 3 iDeaf Alert Emergency System: Results and Findings 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of the Maintenance System of Medical Equipment – A Necessity for Implementing an Effective Quality System 1 Introduction 2 Medical Equipment Maintenance and Quality Control 2.1 Maintenance Types. Features of the Biomedical Field 2.2 Aspects of Quality Control for Medical Equipment 3 Quality Centered Maintenance Concept. Framework Proposal 4 Conclusions References The Surveillance System of Medical Devices, in Which the Responsible Individuals Have an Active Role, is the Guarantee of Patient and Medical Device User Safety 1 Introduction 2 The International Medical Device Vigilance System 3 The Medical Device Vigilance System in the Republic of Moldova 4 Ensuring the Safety and Performance of Medical Devices 5 Conclusions References A New Approach in Detection of Biomarker 2-propanol with PTFE-Coated TiO2 Nanostructured Films 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sensor Fabrication 2.2 Sample Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Chemical Characterization 3.2 Gas Response Comparison 4 Conclusions References Biomechanical Analysis of the Balance of the Human Body 1 Introduction 2 Equilibrium Analysis 2.1 The Center of Mass, the Area of Stability and the Balance of the Human Body 2.2 Analysis of the Equilibrium and Balance of the Human Body with the Kistler Type Force Plate 2.3 Biomechanical Analysis Procedure 3 Results 3.1 Comparison Between the Same Type of Inclination with Different Human Body Segments 4 Ethics and Permissions 5 Conclusions References Primary Measuring Transducer of a Diagnostic Spirometer Based on a Venturi Flowmeter 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Publications 3 Calculation of the Primary Transducer Based on the Venturi Flowmeter 4 Simulation Modeling of Gas Dynamic Processes in a Measurement Transducer Based on a Venturi Flowmeter 5 Conclusions References A LabVIEW Based Brain-Computer Interface Application for Controlling a Virtual Robotic Arm Using the P300 Evoked Biopotentials and the EEG Bandpower Rhythms Acquired from the GTEC Unicorn Headset 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 The GTEC Unicorn Hybrid Black EEG Headset 4 The Software System of the Proposed BCI 4.1 The Working Principle of the Presented Brain-Computer Interface 4.2 The Integration Between LabVIEW and Unicorn by UDP Protocol 4.3 LabVIEW Based Virtual Robotic Arm 4.4 Extracting the EEG Rhythms from the UDP Data Package Transferred From the Unicorn Bandpower to the LabVIEW 4.5 Programmatic Sequence of Commands for the Automatic Control of the 3D Virtual Robotic Arm 5 Results and Discussions About the BCI Experiments 6 Conclusions References Analysis of the Distribution of Forces and Pressures on the Plantar Surface in Different Walking Types 1 Introduction 2 Conception and Development of the Experimental Procedure 3 Results 4 Ethics and Permissions 5 Conclusions References Bioinformatics, Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Measurement of Biokinetic Parameters with the CvMob Program at the Level of the Lower Limb with a Functional 3D Printed Knee Orthosis 1 Introduction 2 Devices and Software Used 2.1 Contemplas System 2.2 CvMOb Analysis Program 2.3 Functional 3D Printed Knee Orthosis 3 Measurement of Kinematic Parameters 4 Conclusions References Statistical Distortion Detection of Interference Microscope Image 1 Introduction 1.1 Relevance of the Problem 1.2 Formulation of the Problem 1.3 Literature Review 1.4 Purpose 2 The Principle of Constructing an Image of a Polychrome Microscope 3 The Selection of the Geometric Model of the Microscope General Image 4 Quantitative Regression Analysis of the Edge Effects, Taking into Account the Spatial Models of a Two-Dimensional Image 4.1 The Research of the Edge Effects for Horizontal and Vertical Sections of the Microscope Image 4.2 Research of Edge Effects During Radial Scanning of a Microscope Image 5 Conclusions References Legal Frameworks for the Integration of Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Irregular Step of Changing for Neural Network Data Sets Improves the Accuracy of Resistive Sensors Calculation 1 Introduction 2 Resistive Sensor as Variable Electrical Circuit Element 3 One Load Calculation 3.1 Preparing the Training Data Set 3.2 Preparing the Control Data Set 3.3 Neural Network Training and Evaluation 4 Two Load Calculation 4.1 Preparing the Data Set 4.2 Neural Network Training and Evaluation 5 Conclusions References Mathematical Modelling of the Multifactorial Influence of Striking Fragments on the Dynamics of the Rehabilitation Processes of the Wounded 1 Introduction 2 Features of Biophysical Processes in Fire Injuries 3 Analysis of the Solution of the Problem of Rehabilitation of Patients with Fire Injuries 4 The Use of Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Biomedical Indicators for Improving Technology of Accelerated Rehabilitation of Patients 5 Conclusions References NLP Tools for Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using EEG Data: A Comparative Study of Three ML Models 1 Introduction 1.1 NLP Applications for Diagnosis, Decision Support, and Data Analysis 1.2 NLP Applications in Epilepsy 2 Language Models Used in this Research 2.1 Word2Vec Model 2.2 BiLSTM Model 2.3 BERT Model 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Data 3.2 Data Preprocessing 3.3 Machine Learning 4 Results as ML/NLP Models Performance 5 Conclusions References A Less Common Algorithmic Complexity Approach to EEG Signal Processing for Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Algorithmic Complexity Measures for EEG Analysis 3 Materials and Methods in Current Research 3.1 Data 3.2 Main Steps of Data Preprocessing 3.3 BDM as the “CORE” Technique for Data Processing 3.4 Data Processing Flow 4 Results 4.1 Algorithmic Complexity Time Series for Exploratory Data Analysis 4.2 Machine Learning Using Transformed Data 5 Conclusions References Opportunities and Risks in the Use of Artificial Intelligence Models in Healthcare 1 Introduction 2 Developments in AI 2.1 AI and AI Models 2.2 Cybersecurity Risks 3 Use Cases of AI Models in Healthcare 4 Cybersecurity Recommendations 5 Conclusions and Recommendations References In vivo and in silico Studies of the Neuroprotective Effect of Artemisinin in Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease in an Animal Model 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 Animals 2.2 Creation of an Animal Model of AD and the Method of Electrophysiology 2.3 Histomorfological Method 2.4 Processing of Microdrawings into Arranged Drawings 2.5 Molecular Modeling 2.6 Statistical Analysis of Results 3 Results 3.1 Electrophysiological Analysis 3.2 Results of Histomorphological Analysis 3.3 Docking Analysis of ART and IBU with 5Aβ17–42 4 Conclusion References Methodology and Use of Experimental Techniques in Analyzing Wound Dynamics of Penetrating Injuries 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Review of Existing Research Methods 3 General Methodology for Researching the Parameters of Penetrating Wounds 4 Experimental Stand and Information and Measurement System 5 Conclusions References Computational Modeling and Analysis of Wound Formation in Gunshot Injuries 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Numerical 3D Modeling 3 Results of 3D Computer Modeling of the Wound Channel When Shot with Bullets of Different Calibers 4 Conclusions References Approaches to the Processing and Segmentation of Non-electrical Biological Signals 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Multimodal Machine Learning for Sign Language Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 4 Unsupervised Learning for Transfer Learning 5 Implementation Risks and Fall-Back Solutions 6 Conclusions References Unsupervised Knowledge Extraction from Biomedical Data 1 Introduction 2 Stochastic Neighbor Embedding 3 T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding 4 Approximated Inhomogeneous t-SNE 4.1 Degrees of Freedom 4.2 Inhomogenous Approximation of t-Distribution 4.3 Topological Clustering 5 Experimental Protocol 5.1 Description of Datasets 5.2 Quality Indexes 6 Conclusions References New Technologies for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation, Personalized Approaches in Medicine Modern Methods for Identification and Reduction of Visual Problems in Children 1 The Role of Adults in Observing Children’s Behavior in Current Activities 2 Differentiation of the Main Types of Visual Pathologies in Children 2.1 Visual Function Impairments 2.2 The Need for Specialized Controls 3 The Advantages of Modern Methods for Identifying and Reducing Visual Problems in Children 3.1 Complementarity with Classic Methods 4 Proposed Method for Visual Screening in Preschool Children 4.1 Software Interface Description 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Role of Botulinum Toxin A Injections as a Salvage Therapy for Refractory Overactive Bladder: Insights from Urodynamic Studies 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Study Procedure 2.2 Study Equipment 2.3 UDS Investigation 2.4 BTX-A Injection Procedure 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Assessing the Impact of Parental Labor Migration on Children's Health 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Design 2.2 Participants 2.3 Statistical Analysis 2.4 Ethical Approval 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References The Implementation of Personalized Medicine in the Republic of Moldova: Challenges and Opportunities in Cardiology 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Kidney Tumors in Children 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References Non Conventional Methods in Visual Function Training for Children with Sight Disabilities 1 Vision Function Impairments for Children 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Solution Explanation 2.2 Recommended Steps for Testing and Visual Training 2.3 Description of Games - Tests Specific to a Visual Training Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Presentation of Results for Intermediate Stages of Visual Training in the Case of Children Identified with Visual Problems 3.2 Interpretation of the Results Evolution Over Time During Training Procedure 4 Conclusions References Method for Increasing the Production or Activity of Catalase in the Body 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Synergy Effect of Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol in Kinetic Model of Lipid Peroxidation 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model, Results and Discussions 3 Conclusions References Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism with Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography 1 Background 2 The Aim of Study 3 Material and Methods 4 Discussion 5 Compliance with Ethical Requirements 6 Conclusions References Improvement of Cardiovascular System Diseases Diagnostics by Using Multiparametric Data 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Practical Implementation 4 Conclusions References Combined and Complex Treatment-Optimal Therapies in Rectal Cancer 1 Introduction 2 The Purpose of the Complex Treatment 3 Surgical Treatment of Rectal Cancer 4 Modern Views on the Surgical Treatment of Rectal Cancer 5 Radiotherapy in Optimizing the Results of Radical Surgery 6 Neoadjuvant Chemo-Radio-Therapy 7 Rectal Cancer with Resectable Synchronous Liver Metastases 8 Sequential or Synchronous Resection of the Primary and Metastatic Disease 9 Conclusions References The Peculiarities of Circadian Rhythms and Their Implications on Parkinson’s Disease 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Study Design 2.2 Sample Characteristics 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Circadian Rhythm Disruptions – Prominent in Parkinson’s Disease 3.2 The Chronotype – a Disease Modifying Factor 3.3 Zeitgebers’ Exposure Modulation – a Targeted Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease 4 Conclusions References Updates on the Use of Ozone Therapy in Patients with COVID-19. A Review 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers in Obese Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia 1 Introduction 2 Aim of the Study 3 Methods 4 Results 5 Discussions 6 Ethics and Permissions 6.1 Statement of Informed Consent 6.2 Statement of Human and Animal Rights 7 Conclusions References The Prevalence of Allele Frequencies of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms of Clinically Important Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C19 in Moldova Healthy Population 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Sample Collection and Processing 2.2 TaqMan Genotyping Assay 2.3 Genotyping Results Interpretation 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Prospective, Descriptive Study of Rotaviral Infection in Vaccinated and Non-vaccinated Infants from Republic of Moldova 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Personalised Medicine Implementation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Screening Process 3.2 Findings 4 Conclusions References Hemodynamic Protective Assessment of BurnNavi-Guided Fluid Management in Burned Patients: Pilot Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References In vivo Evaluation of PMMA Antiglaucoma Shunt’s Biocompatibility 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Animals Sample Characteristics 2.2 Implanted Model of Antiglaucoma Shunt 2.3 Histological Evaluation 3 Results 3.1 Histology 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References The Role of Molecular-Genetic Assays in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Republic of Moldova 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Demographics and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis 3.2 Assessment of the Predictors for Positive Molecular Genetic Assays in Pulmonary TB 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References The Relationship Between Dental Caries Damage, Tooth Enamel Hypoplasia and the Particularities of Calcium Homeostasis in Children 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Impact of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alfa on Dental Caries Development in Children with Severe SNC Disorders 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Personalized Medicine Perspectives and Policies in European Nordic Countries 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Measurement of Arterial Blood Gases in Elderly Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 1 Introduction 2 Aim of the Study 3 Methods 4 Results 5 Discussions 6 Ethics and Permissions 6.1 Statement of Informed Consent 6.2 Statement of Human and Animal Rights 7 Conclusion References ECMO Experience in Post-cardiotomy Cardiogenic Shock. Case Presentation 1 Introduction 2 Case Presentation 3 Discussion 3.1 How is It Determined? 3.2 How Do We Cannulate? 3.3 Coagulation Management 3.4 Possible Complications 3.5 Respiratory Management 3.6 ECMO Weaning 4 Conclusions References Author Index