5th Symposium on Terrestrial Gravimetry: Static and Mobile Measurements (TG-SMM 2019): Proceedings of the Symposium in Saint Petersburg, Russia, October 1 – 4, 2019

This open access volume contains the proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Terrestrial Gravimetry: Static and Mobile Measurements (TG-SMM2019) held in St. Petersburg, Russia, October 1 – 4, 2019. The symposium was hosted by the State Research Center of the Russian Federation Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC and was attended by 75 participants from 15 different countries. 32 oral and 20 poster contributions were presented in four different topical sessions: Terrestrial, shipboard and airborne gravimetry, Absolute gravimetry, Relative gravimetry, gravity networks and applications of gravimetry and Cold atom and superconducting gravimeters, gravitational experiments. Preface 6 Contents 7 Part I Terrestrial, Shipboard and Airborne Gravimetry 9 Measurement of Absolute Gravity and Deflections of the Vertical at Sea 10 1 Introduction 10 2 Principles of Measuring the Absolute Values of Gravity and DOV at Sea 11 3 Integrated System Operation Methodology 12 4 Integrated System Breadboard 13 5 Results of the Bench Tests 14 6 Results of the Sea Trials 17 7 Conclusions 18 References 19 Multi-Scenario Evaluation of the Direct Method in Strapdown Airborne and Shipborne Gravimetry 21 1 Introduction 21 2 Processing Approaches in Strapdown Gravimetry 22 3 Chekan-AM Data Processing at GFZ 23 4 Investigated Airborne and Shipborne Strapdown Gravimetry Campaigns 24 5 Strapdown Results 25 6 Comparison to Chekan-AM Results 26 7 Conclusions 27 References 28 Improving Gravity Estimation Accuracy for the GT-2A Airborne Gravimeter Using Spline-Based Gravity Models 29 1 Introduction 29 2 Gravity Estimation Methodology 30 3 Modeling Gravity Along Repeat Lines Using B-Splines 31 4 Results 32 5 Discussion 34 6 Conclusions 35 References 36 Gravimetric Studies in the Sea of Japan 37 1 Introduction 37 2 Marine Gravimetric Studies 37 3 Results 41 4 Conclusion 43 References 44 About Identification of Instrument Error Parameters for a Gravity Gradiometer 45 1 Introduction 45 2 Model of Instrumental Errors of the Gradiometer 46 3 Calibration Algorithm 47 3.1 Case of Fixed Point 47 3.2 The Usage of a Stand of Linear Movement 48 4 Conclusion 48 References 48 Numerical Model of Moving-Base Rotating Accelerometer Gravity Gradiometer 50 1 Introduction 50 2 RAGG Numerical Model 51 3 Multi-frequency Gravitational Gradient Simulation Experiment 52 4 Conclusion 54 References 54 New Algorithm for Gravity Vector Estimation from Airborne Data Using Spherical Scaling Functions 55 1 Introduction 55 2 Airborne Vector Gravimetry Equations 56 3 Local Gravity Model and Estimation Algorithm 57 4 Results 58 5 Discussion and Conclusions 60 References 60 Results of Astro-Measurements of the Deflection of Vertical Using the New Observation Technique 62 1 Introduction 62 2 New Proposed Technique 63 3 Model of the Proposed Technique 63 4 Research of a New Technique 65 4.1 Research of Change of the Calibration Coefficients 65 4.2 Research of the Influence of the Choice of Methods for Processing Observational Data on the Accuracy of DOV 66 4.3 Measurement Model with an DZCS 66 4.4 Test Results 67 5 Summary and Conclusions 68 References 68 Observations with gPhone Gravimeter in Moscow 69 1 Introduction 69 2 Data Pre-Processing 70 3 Tidal Analysis 70 4 Atmospheric Loading Effects 70 5 Conclusions 73 References 73 Part II Absolute Gravimetry 74 On Uncertainties of Laser Interferometric Absolute Ballistic Gravimeters Due to Magnetic Effects in the Free-Fall Gravity Measurements 75 1 Introduction 75 2 Operation Principle of the ABG Grot 76 3 Physical Premises for the Uncertainties Arising in the Presence of MF 76 4 Equation for the Motion of the TB 77 5 Results 77 6 Discussion of the Results 79 References 79 Evaluation of Systematic Errors in the Compact Absolute Gravimeter TAG-1 for Network Monitoring of Volcanic Activities 80 1 Introduction 80 2 Gravity Change Associated with Volcanic Activities 81 3 TAG-1 Gravimeter 81 4 Observation Using a Conventional 633-nm Laser and a Telecom Band (1.5 m) Laser 81 5 Systematic Error Evaluation of the PDs 83 6 Conclusions 85 References 86 Design of New Launch and Interferometer Systems for the IMGC-02 Absolute Gravimeter 87 1 Introduction 87 2 The Launch System 88 3 The Interferometer System 91 4 Conclusions 93 References 93 Twelve Years of High Frequency Absolute Gravity Measurements at the UK's Space Geodesy Facility: Systematic Signals and Comparison with SLR Heights 94 1 Introduction 94 2 Site Information 95 3 Hydrology 95 4 Interpretation of the Time Series 96 5 Campaign Simulation 98 5.1 AG vs SLR Heights 98 6 Conclusion 100 References 100 Part III Relative Gravimetry and Applications 101 Studying the Evolution of Resolution Capabilities and Approximation Accuracy of Global Models by Spectral Characteristics 102 1 Introduction 102 1.1 Theoretical Part 102 2 Conclusions. Interpretation 106 References 108 The Role of Non-tidal Atmospheric Loading in the Task of Gravity Field Estimation by Inter-Satellite Measurements 110 1 Introduction 110 2 Non-tidal Atmospheric Loading 111 3 Estimation of Monthly Gravity Filed Models 111 4 Results 113 5 Conclusions 114 References 114 Formation of Self-consistent Navigational Gravity Maps of Local Areas and Joint Assessment of Their Navigation Quality 116 1 Introduction 116 2 Optimization of Projects for Primary Measurements in the Creation of Maps 117 3 Methods for Solving the Problem of Creating Maps 117 4 Estimation of the Navigation Quality of the Navigation Field 118 5 Conclusion 120 References 120 Methods of Bistatic GNSS-Radio Altimetry for Determining Height Profile of the Ocean and Their Experimental Verification 121 1 Introduction 121 2 Ways to Improve the Accuracy of Altimetry 121 3 Operating Principle 122 4 Methods of Bistatic GNSS-Altimetry 122 5 Experimental Verification of the Methods 123 6 Summary and Conclusions 125 References 125 Absolute and Relative Gravity Measurements at Volcanoes: Current State and New Developments Under the NEWTON-g Project 127 1 Introduction 127 2 The Mini-Array of Three iGrav SGs at Mount Etna 128 3 Comparison Between the Time Series from a SG and Absolute Gravity Data 129 4 New Tools for Terrain Gravimetry 129 5 Conclusions 130 References 132 The Effect of Measurement Preprocessing in the Gravity-Aided Navigation 134 1 Introduction 134 2 Optimal and Suboptimal Solutions of the Gravity-Aided Navigation Problem 134 3 Accuracy Analysis Example 135 4 Conclusion 138 References 138 Sensitivity of Algorithms for Estimating the Gravity Disturbance Vector to Its Model Uncertainty 139 1 Introduction 139 2 Description of the Error Model 140 3 Estimating the Accuracy of Determining the GDV Horizontal Components: The Results 141 4 Estimating the Sensitivity of Algorithms for Determining the GDV Horizontal Components to the Model Parameters: The Results 141 5 Conclusion 144 References 144 List of Reviewers 146 Author Index 147 Subject Index 149