50 Events That Shaped Latino History : An Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic [2 Volumes]

What are the historical events most key to shaping Latino culture? This book provides detailed and broad coverage of the 50 most pivotal developments across more than 500 years' time that have shaped the Latino experience, offering primary sources, biographies of notable figures, and suggested readings for further research. • Offers scholarly analysis of critical events in Latino/a history while also providing in-depth primary sources, biographies, and evidence that provide additional historical perspective • Represents an invaluable reference tool for students doing research papers, seeking accessibly written background information, or simply wanting to learn more about Latinos in the United States • Written by expert contributors with specialties in a variety of key fields—media, politics, history, and popular culture • Supplies breadth and depth on significant events that have shaped the Latino experience for the past five centuries Cover ......Page 1 Title Page ......Page 4 Copyright ......Page 5 Contents ......Page 6 Preface......Page 10 Acknowledgments......Page 14 Introduction......Page 16 Rise of Maya and Indigenous Civilizations, 250 CE–900 CE......Page 24 Spanish Colonization of the Americas, 1492–1898 ......Page 40 Conquest of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire, 1519–1521 ......Page 59 Pueblo Revolt of 1680 ......Page 77 Latin American Independence, 1810–1898......Page 98 Anglo-American Colonization of Northern Mexico, 1820–1846 ......Page 119 Texas Independence, 1835–1836 ......Page 139 U.S.-Mexican War, 1846–1848......Page 156 Cuban Wars of Independence, 1868–1898......Page 175 Settlement of Ybor City, 1885–1930 ......Page 195 Spanish-American War, 1898......Page 219 Caribbean Migration to New York City, 1870s–1920s ......Page 248 Insular Cases, 1901–1922......Page 268 The Mexican Revolution, 1910–1921 ......Page 285 Texas Revolt, 1915 ......Page 304 Rise of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, 1922–1954 ......Page 318 Founding of LULAC, 1929......Page 336 Mexican Repatriation, 1930–1935 ......Page 352 Birth of Latin Jazz, 1930s–1940s ......Page 367 Labor Activism during the Great Depression, 1930–1939 ......Page 387 World War II, 1939–1945......Page 406 The Bracero Program, 1942–1964 ......Page 423 Mendez v. Westminster, 1945–1947 ......Page 440 Operation Bootstrap and Puerto Rican Migration, 1948–1964 ......Page 457 The Cuban Revolution, 1953–1959 ......Page 472 Destruction of Chavez Ravine, 1953–1959 ......Page 490 Hernandez v. Texas, 1954 ......Page 504 Operation Wetback, 1954 ......Page 523 The Chicano Movement, 1960s–1970s......Page 540 Chicana Feminist Movement, 1960s–1970s ......Page 559 Urban Uprisings, 1960s–1970s ......Page 579 Fall of the Trujillo Dictatorship and Dominican Migration, 1961–1990s ......Page 595 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ......Page 614 Delano Grape Strike and the United Farm Workers Movement, 1965–1970 ......Page 631 Founding of the Young Lords, 1968–1972 ......Page 648 Formation of Chicano, Puerto Rican, and Latino/a Studies Programs, 1968–1974......Page 664 Gay Rights Movement, 1969–1990 ......Page 683 Central American Civil Wars and Migration, 1970s–1980s ......Page 700 Lau v. Nichols, 1973–1974......Page 718 Founding of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, 1976 ......Page 734 The Sanctuary Movement, 1980s......Page 752 Mariel Boatlift, 1980 ......Page 777 Immigration Reform and Control Act, 1986 ......Page 792 Founding of Univision, 1987 ......Page 815 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1994 ......Page 828 California’s Proposition 187, 1994 ......Page 847 Latin Explosion in Popular Music, 1990s ......Page 869 Election and Appointment of Latinos in the 21st Century, 2000–Present ......Page 888 Immigrant Rights Marches of 2006 ......Page 908 Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Debut on Broadway, 2008–2015......Page 922 Recommended Resources ......Page 946 About the Editor and Contributors......Page 954 Index......Page 962 Which historical events were key to shaping Latino culture? This book provides coverage of the 50 most pivotal developments over 500 years that have shaped the Latino experience, offering primary sources, biographies of notable figures, and suggested readings for inquiry.Latinos—people of European, Indigenous, and African descent—have had a presence in North America long before the first British settlements arrived to the Eastern seaboard. The encounters between Spanish colonizers and the native peoples of the Americas initiated 500 years of a rich and vibrant history—an intermingled, cultural evolution that continues today in the 21st century.50 Events that Shaped Latino History: An Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic is a valuable reference that provides a chronological overview of Latino/a history beginning with the indigenous populations of the Americas through the present day. It is divided into time period, such as Pre-Colonial Era to Spanish Empire, pre-1521–1810, and covers a variety of themes relevant to the time period, making it easy for the reader find information. The coverage offers readers background on critical events that have shaped Latino/a populations, revealed the conditions and experiences of Latinos, or highlighted their contributions to U.S. society. The text addresses events as varied as the U.S.-Mexican War to the rise of Latin jazz. The entries present a balance of political and cultural events, social developments, legal cases, and broader trends. Each entry has a chronology, a main narrative, biographies of notable figures, and suggested further readings, as well as one or more primary sources that offer additional context or information on the given event. These primary source materials offer readers additional insight via a first-hand account, original voices, or direct evidence on the subject matter. This book provides a chronological overview of Latino/a history in North America beginning with the indigenous populations of the Americas through the present day. Covering the 50 most pivotal developments across more than 500 years, it is divided into time periods, such as Pre-Colonial Era to Spanish Empire, pre-1521-1810, offering a balance of political and cultural events, social developments, legal cases, and broader trends for each