5 Steps to a 5 AP European History, 2014-2015 Edition (5 Steps to a 5 on the Advanced Placement Examinations Series)

Get ready for your AP exam with this straightforward and easy-to-follow study guide, updated for all the latest exam changes! 5 Steps to a 5: AP European History features an effective, 5-step plan to guide your preparation program and help you build the skills, knowledge, and test-taking confidence you need to succeed. This fully revised edition covers the latest course syllabus and provides model tests that reflect the latest version of the exam. Inside you will find: - 5-Step Plan to a Perfect 5: 1. Set Up Your Study Program 2. Determine Your Test Readiness 3. Develop Strategies for Success 4. Develop the Knowledge You Need to Score High 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence - 2 complete practice AP European History exams - 3 separate plans to fit your study style - Review material updated and geared to the most recent tests - Savvy information on how tests are constructed, scored, and used Cover 1 About the Author 16 Title Page 3 Copyright Page 4 Contents 6 Preface 12 Acknowledgments 14 Introduction: The Five-Step Program 18 Step 1 Set Up Your Study Program 22 1 What You Need to Know About the AP European History Exam 24 Background Information 24 Frequently Asked Questions About the AP European History Exam 25 2 How to Plan Your Time 28 Three Approaches to Preparing for AP Exams 28 Detailed Calendar for Each Plan 30 Step 2 Determine Your Test Readiness 34 3 Diagnostic Exercises 36 Introduction 36 The Multiple-Choice Questions 36 Multiple-Choice Questions Exercise 38 Answers and Explanations 39 The Document-Based Question 40 Document-Based Question Exercise 41 Suggestions and Possible Outline of a Response to the DBQ Exercise 42 The Thematic Essay Questions 43 Thematic Essay Question Exercise 44 Suggestions and Possible Outline of a Response to the Thematic Essay Question Exercise 44 Step 3 Develop Strategies for Success 46 4 The Multiple-Choice Questions 48 Introduction 48 Passive Knowledge and the Premise 49 Organizational Keys 49 The Kinds of Questions 50 About Guessing 50 Developing a Strategy 51 5 The Document-Based Question (DBQ) 54 Introduction 54 The Quality History Essay 55 Five Steps to Outlining a Short History Essay 55 Characteristics of the DBQ 57 Applying the Principles of the Quality History Essay to the DBQ 58 Scoring of the DBQs 58 6 Thematic Essay Questions 60 Introduction 60 Characteristics of the Thematic Essay Questions 60 Applying the Principles of the Quality History Essay to the Thematic Essay Questions 61 Scoring of the Thematic Essays 62 Step 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High 64 Unit 1 1450 to the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era 66 7 Recovery and Expansion, 1300–1600 68 Introduction 69 Effects of the Hundred Years War 69 Disappearance of the Black Death 69 A Weakened Papacy 69 The Revival of Monarchy 70 The Rise of Spain 71 Exploration and Expansion 71 The Spanish Empire in the New World 72 Rapid Review 73 Chapter Review Questions 74 Answers and Explanations 75 8 The Renaissance, 1350–1550 78 Introduction 79 Renaissance Italian Society 79 Renaissance Values 79 Neoplatonism 80 The Renaissance Artistic Achievement 81 Knowledge of the Natural World 81 The Spread of the Renaissance 82 Rapid Review 84 Chapter Review Questions 85 Answers and Explanations 86 9 The Reformation, 1500–1600 88 Introduction 89 The Need for a Religious Reformation 89 The Lutheran Revolt 89 Creation and Spread of the Protestant Movement 90 The English Reformation 91 Calvin and Calvinism 91 Social Dimensions and the Radical Reformation 92 The Catholic Response 92 Rapid Review 94 Chapter Review Questions 95 Answers and Explanations 96 10 The Rise of Sovereignty, 1600–1715 98 Introduction 99 Economic Stress and Change 99 Britain: The Triumph of Constitutionalism 99 France: Absolutism 100 Central and Eastern Europe: Compromise 101 Russia: Tsarist Absolutism 101 The Baroque Style 102 Rapid Review 103 Chapter Review Questions 104 Answers and Explanations 105 11 The Scientific Revolution During the Seventeenth Century 108 Introduction 109 The Traditional View of the Cosmos 109 Alternative Traditions of Knowledge Before the Scientific Revolution 109 Development of New Institutions 110 The Rise of Copernicanism 110 Kepler’s Laws 111 Galileo and the Value of Empirical Knowledge 112 Cartesian Skepticism and Deductive Reasoning 112 Newton and Universal Gravitation 113 Rapid Review 114 Chapter Review Questions 115 Answers and Explanations 116 12 The Enlightenment: A Cultural Movement During the Eighteenth Century 118 Introduction 119 New Ideas About Natural Law, Human Nature, and Society 119 New Political Ideas 120 The Philosophes and Enlightened Despotism 121 Salons and Lodges 122 Skepticism, Religion, and Social Criticism 122 Science in the Enlightenment 123 The Arts in the Enlightenment 124 The Radical Enlightenment 124 The Other Enlightenment 125 Rapid Review 126 Chapter Review Questions 127 Answers and Explanations 128 13 Social Transformation and Statebuilding in the Eighteenth Century 130 Introduction 131 The Triangle of Trade 131 Breaking the Traditional Cycle of Population and Productivity 131 Market-Oriented Agriculture 132 Rural Manufacturing 132 Technical Innovations in Agriculture and Manufacturing 133 Eastern Ambition 134 War and Diplomacy 134 Rapid Review 136 Chapter Review Questions 137 Answers and Explanations 138 14 The French Revolution and the Rise of Napoleon, 1789–1799 140 Introduction 141 The Ancien Régime in Crisis 141 The Moderate Phase of the French Revolution (1789–1791) 142 The Radical Phase of the French Revolution (1791–1794) 143 The Final Phase of the French Revolution: Thermidor and the Rise of Napoleon (1794–1799) 146 Neoclassicism and the French Revolution 146 Rapid Review 147 Chapter Review Questions 148 Answers and Explanations 149 Unit 1 Summary: 1450 to the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era 152 Timeline 152 Key Comparisons 153 Thematic Change/Continuity 154 Unit 2 The Napoleonic Era to the Present 156 15 Napoleonic Europe and the Post-Napoleonic Era, 1800–1848 158 Introduction 159 Post-Revolutionary France and the Napoleonic Code 159 Napoleon’s Empire 160 Neoclassicism in Napoleonic France 161 Decline and Fall of Napoleon and His Empire 161 Restoration 162 Revolution and Repression 163 Rapid Review 166 Chapter Review Questions 167 Answers and Explanations 168 16 The Second Industrial Revolution, 1820–1900 170 Introduction 171 The Factory System and the Division of Labor 171 Iron and Steel 171 New Sources of Power 172 The Railway Boom 172 The Reciprocal Nature of Heavy Industry 173 The Spread of Industrialization 173 Social Effects 174 Artistic Movements in the Industrial Age 175 Science in the Industrial Age 175 Rapid Review 177 Chapter Review Questions 178 Answers and Explanations 179 17 The Rise of New Ideologies in the Nineteenth Century 182 Introduction 183 Conservatism 183 Liberalism 183 Romanticism 184 Nationalism 185 Anarchism 185 Utopian Socialism 186 Scientific Socialism and Communism 186 Social Darwinism 187 Rapid Review 188 Chapter Review Questions 189 Answers and Explanations 190 18 Nationalism and Statebuilding, 1848–1900 192 Introduction 193 The End of Liberal Nationalism 193 The Unification of Italy 193 The Unification of Germany 196 Nationalism in the Hapsburg Empire 197 Nationalism in France 197 Nationalism in Russia 198 Rapid Review 199 Chapter Review Questions 200 Answers and Explanations 201 19 Mass Politics in Europe and Imperialism in Africa and Asia, 1860–1914 204 Introduction 205 Causes of the New Imperialism 205 The Development of Mass Politics 205 The Scramble for Africa 207 Dominance in Asia 208 Rapid Review 209 Chapter Review Questions 210 Answers and Explanations 211 20 Politics of the Extreme and World War I, 1870–1918 214 Introduction 215 Politics of the Extreme 215 Causes of World War I 217 Basic Chronology, 1914–1915 217 Total War 218 Basic Chronology, 1916: “The Year of Bloodletting” 219 Russian Revolution and Withdrawal 219 Germany’s Disintegration and the Peace Settlement 219 Artistic Movements 220 Changes to the Scientific View of the World 220 Rapid Review 222 Chapter Review Questions 223 Answers and Explanations 224 21 The Interwar Years and World War II, 1918–1945 226 Introduction 227 The Interwar Years 227 The Road to World War II 231 The Course of the War 232 Assessment and Aftermath of World War II 236 Rapid Review 237 Chapter Review Questions 238 Answers and Explanations 239 22 The Cold War and Beyond, 1945–Present 242 Introduction 243 The Nuclear Arms Race 243 The Cold War 243 The European Union 245 The Disintegration of the Iron Curtain and the Soviet Union 246 Nationalism and Globalization 248 Rapid Review 249 Chapter Review Questions 250 Answers and Explanations 251 Unit 2 Summary: The Napoleonic Era to the Present 254 Timeline 254 Key Comparisons 255 Thematic Change/Continuity 256 Step 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence 258 AP European History Practice Test 1 260 Answers and Explanations 281 Suggestions and Outline for the DBQ 294 Suggestions and Outlines for Answers to the Thematic Essay Questions 295 AP European History Practice Test 2 298 Answers and Explanations 318 Suggestions and Outline for the DBQ 332 Suggestions and Outlines for Answers to the Thematic Essay Questions 333 Appendixes 338 Glossary of Terms 340 A 340 B 340 C 341 D 342 E 343 F 344 G 344 H 345 I 345 J 345 K 346 L 346 M 346 N 347 O 347 P 348 Q 349 R 349 S 349 T 351 U 352 V 352 W 352 Z 353 Bibliography 354 Web Sites 354