2nd International Conference on Smart Sustainable Materials and Technologies (ICSSMT 2023): Innovations in Engineering and Smart Sustainable Technologies 2

Sustainable materials science and engineering is one of the important characteristics of the existing high-tech revolution. The advances of materials science pave way for technical advancements in materials science and industrial technologies throughout the world. Materials are regarded as critical component in all emerging industries. Exquisite preparation and manufacturing must be carried out before a new material may be used. Nevertheless, electronic materials are undeniably important in many aspects of life. Smart materials and structures is a multi-disciplinary platform dedicated to technical advances in smart materials, systems and structures, including intelligent materials, sensing and actuation, adaptive structures, and active control. Recently, sustainable materials and technologies reshape the electronics industry to build realistic applications. At present, without the impact of sustainability, the electronics industry faces challenges. Researchers are now more focused on understanding the fundamental science of nano, micro, and macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable development with a special attention toward reducing the knowledge gap between materials and system designs. The main aim of this international conference is to address the new trends on smart sustainable materials field for industrial and electronics applications. The main purpose of this conference is to assess the recent development in the applied science involving research activity from micro- to macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable applications. In such a context, particular emphasis is given to research papers tailored in order to improve electronic and industrial applications and market extension of sustainable materials. Preface About the Conference Conference Scope Call for Papers Track-1 Track-2 Important Dates Guest Editors Contents 1 Synergistic Modelling and Analysis: Unravelling Optimal Ammonia Manufacturing via the Haber Process Using DWSIM and Microsoft Excel for Material Balance Integration Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Recent Advances in Haber Process for Ammonia Manufacturing 3 Methodology 3.1 Process Modelling 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Simulation 3.4 Material Balance Analysis 3.5 Sensitivity Analysis 3.6 Alternative Process Configurations 3.7 Real-Time Data Acquisition 4 Energy Balance 5 The Amount of Ammonia at Equilibrium 6 The Equilibrium When Ammonia is Removed 7 Microsoft Excel Ammonia Material Balance 8 DWSIM Simulation 8.1 Overview of Results 8.2 Simulation Results 8.3 Material Balance Analysis 8.4 Sensitivity Analysis 8.5 Alternative Process Configurations 8.6 Real-Time Data Acquisition 9 Conclusion 10 Future Scope Acknowledgements References 2 Comparison of Fins in IC Engine Using CFD Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 CFD Analysis 1.2 K-epsilon 1.3 Type of Fins 2 Objective 3 Methodology 4 Boundary Condition 5 Modeling of Different Fins 6 Results and Disscussion 6.1 Temperature Distribution Profile for Case-1 6.2 Heat Transfer Coefficient Profile for Case-1 6.3 Temperature Distribution for Case-2 6.4 Heat Transfer Coefficient Profile for Case-2 7 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 3 Influence of Mechanical Properties on Natural Frequency and Mode Shapes of Multi-storey Storage Rack Used in Cargo Vehicles Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Work 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Experimental Results 3.2 Finite Element Analysis Results 4 Comparison Between Experimental and FEA Results 5 Conclusion References 4 Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance and Emissions of a Common Rail Diesel Engine Powered by B20 Mix Waste Cooking Oil Methyl Ester Using CFD Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Specification of Engine and Fuel Properties 2 Numerical Procedures 2.1 Computational Model 2.2 Mathematical Model Equations 2.3 The NOx Model 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Inner Cylinder Temperature and Peak Pressure for Different % EGR 3.2 The Effect of Inner Cylinder Temperature for Different % EGR 3.3 EGR% Effect on Auto Ignition Delay 3.4 Effect of Various EGR% on NOx Mass Fraction 3.5 Effects of Various EGR % on CO Mass Fraction 3.6 Effect of EGR Percentage on Soot Formation 3.7 Effects of Different Percentage EGR Rate on Performance of Diesel Engine 4 Conclusion References 5 An Efficient Finite Element Approach Using A, B, and D Matrices for Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) Plates Abstract 1 Introduction 2 FGM Properties Calculation 3 Methodology 3.1 A, B, D Matrices Formulations 3.2 Meshing and Boundary Condition 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References 6 Characterisation of the Mechanical Properties and Chemical Durability of Eco-Paving Blocks with Silica Fume and Hypo Sludge Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Improving the Quality of Concrete Paving Blocks 4 Materials 4.1 Cement 4.2 Fine Aggregate 4.3 Coarse Aggregate 4.4 Water 4.5 Pigment 4.6 Admixtures 5 Curing 6 Mix Design 7 Shape of the Specimen 8 Test Conducted 8.1 Compressive Strength 8.2 Durability Test 8.3 Chemical Attack 8.3.1 Sulphate-Resistant Test 8.3.2 Chloride Attack 8.3.3 Alkaline-Resistant Test 9 Result and Discussion 10 Conclusion References 7 Mechanical Propertıes of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Natural Sand by Fly Ash Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology and Materials 3.1 Materials 4 Experimental Investigation 4.1 Test on Materials 4.1.1 Standard Consistency 4.1.2 Initial and Final Setting Time 4.2 Fresh Concrete Properties 4.2.1 Workability Test 4.3 Compressive Strength 5 Conclusion References 8 Feasibility Study of Materials on Developing Green Materials to Achieve Sustainability in Building Construction Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Past Research Work 2.1 Light-Transmitting Concrete 2.2 Solar Energy 2.3 Bamboo 2.4 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks 2.5 Stone Dust 2.6 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) 2.7 Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panels 2.8 Precast Concrete 2.9 Fly Ash 2.10 Marble Powder or Marble Dust 2.11 Plastic Concrete 3 Shortlisted Factors 3.1 Ease of Availability on Site 3.2 Future Prospects/Usage 3.3 Percentage of Material Used at Present 3.4 Cost–Benefit Analysis 3.5 Current Market Scenario 3.6 Durability 4 Methodology 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References 9 Application of Microsurfacing Technique for Optimizing Maintenance Cost of Rigid Pavements in India Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Material Collection 2.2 Mix Design 2.3 Test Results of Experimental Mix Design with IRC:SP:81:2008 Mix Design 2.4 Economıc Analysıs of Mıcrosurfacıng (for 1 km) 3 Discussion 4 Results 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 10 Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Embedded with PVC Pipe Sandwiched with Waste Crumbed Rubber Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Investigation 2.1 Materials and Method 2.2 Mix Proportion 2.3 Preparation of Specimen 2.4 Test for Flexural Strength Test 3 Discussions on Test Results 3.1 Compressive and Flexural Strength 3.2 Load Versus Deflection 4 Conclusions References 11 Strength and Micro-structural Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete Developing with Reuse of Demolition Waste Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 CDW Materials 2.2 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) 2.3 Alkali Activators 2.4 GPC Mix Ratio and Specimen Preparation 2.5 Compressive Strength Test 2.6 Opening Mode Fracture Toughness Test 2.7 Drop Weight Impact Test 2.8 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Compressive Stress Development of CDW Recycled GPC 3.2 Fracture Toughness of GPC (Opening Mode) 3.3 Drop Weight Impact Resistance of CDW Contains GPC 3.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 12 Progressive Investigation on Utilisation of Steel Slag and Silica Sand as Partial Replacements for Coarse and Fine Aggregate in Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Reviews 2.1 Amin et al., “Experimental Investigation on Static/Dynamic Response and γ/n Shielding of Different Sustainable Concrete Mixtures” (Amin et al., 2023) 2.2 Lai et al., “Effect of Fillers on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Steel Slag Concrete” (Lai et al., 2022) 2.3 Anifowose et al., “Influence of Water Cement Ratios on the Optimum Use of Steel Slag in Concrete” (Anifowose, 2022) 2.4 Chen et al., “Study on the Application Mechanism and Mechanics of Steel Slag in Composite Cementitious Materials” (Chen et al., 2020) 2.5 Sakthidoss et al., “A Study on High Strength Geopolymer Concrete with Alumina-Silica Materials Using Manufacturing Sand” (Sakthidoss & Senniappan, 2020) 2.6 Sharba, “The Efficiency of Steel Slag and Recycled Concrete Aggregate on the Strength Properties of Concrete” (Sharba, 2019) 2.7 Mahmood et al., “Effect of Sand Replacement by Silica Sand on Strength of Fibres Reinforced Foamed Concrete” (Mahmood et al., 2019) 2.8 Depaa et al., “Experimental Study on Steel Slag as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete” (Depaa & Felix Kala, 2017) 2.9 Ravikumar et al., “Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Steel Slag as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete” (Ravikumar et al., 2015) 2.10 Vishnumanohar, “Performance of Normal Concrete with Eco Sand (Finely Graded Silica) as Fine Aggregate, International Journal of Engineering Science Invention” (Vishnumanohar, 2014) 3 Objectives 4 Methodology and Details of Experimental Work 4.1 Materials 4.2 Tests on Materials 4.2.1 Impact Test 4.2.2 Crushing Value Test 4.2.3 Sieve Analysis of Natural Sand 4.3 Tests on Concrete 4.3.1 Slump Cone Test 4.3.2 Compressive Strength Test 4.3.3 Split Tensile Test 4.3.4 Flexural Strength Test 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusion References 13 A Study on the Relationship Between the Physical, Hydrological and Mechanical Properties of Pervious Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Permeability and Porosity 3 Compressive Strength and Permeability 4 Compressive Strength and Porosity 5 Flexural Strength and Porosity 6 Split Tensile Strength and Porosity 7 Density and Porosity 8 Flexural Strength and Compressive Strength 9 Split Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength 10 Compressive Strength and Density 11 Conclusion References 14 Ensemble Learning in Concrete Engineering: Towards Reliable Strength Estimation for Concrete Quality Assurance Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Works 2.1 Literature Survey 2.2 Machine Learning Versus Ensemble Learning Techniques 2.2.1 Bagging 2.2.2 Boosting 3 Implementation of Ensemble Learning Techniques 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Ensemble Models Chosen for Implementation 3.2.1 Random Forest 3.2.2 AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting) 3.2.3 Gradient Boosting 3.2.4 XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Research References 15 Effect of Leading-Edge Shapes in NACA2421 Aerofoil with Different Angles of Attacks Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References 16 Effect of Pressure Distribution of NREL S809 Airfoil with Vortex Generator Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Methods 3 Discussion of Results 3.1 The Distribution of Pressure Over the NREL S809 with TVG and RVG at 12 m/s 3.2 Distribution of Pressure Over the NREL S809 with TVG and RVG at 20 m/s 4 Conclusion References 17 Experimental Study of Aerodynamics Performance of NACA4418 Airfoil with Fencing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Lift Coefficient for Various Freestream Velocity and AOA 3.2 Effect of Drag Coefficient for Various Freestream Velocities and AOA 3.3 Effect of Lift and Drag Coefficient for Various Freestream Velocities and AOA 4 Conclusion References 18 Numerical Investigations of Aerodynamics Performance of Blunt Nose Cone with Aerodisk at Hypersonic Flow Abstract 1 Introduction 2 CFD Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Pressure of Contour of Blunt Nose Cone with and Without Aerospike and Aerodisk at Different Mach Numbers 3.1.1 Pressure Contour at Different D/D Ratios, L/D = 1 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.1.2 Pressure Contour at Different D/D, L/D = 1.5 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.1.3 Pressure Contour at Different D/D, L/D = 2 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.2 Velocity Contour of Blunt Nose Cone with and Without Aerospike and Aerodisk at Mach Number 10 3.2.1 Velocity Contour at Different D/D, L/D = 1 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.2.2 Velocity Contour at Different D/D, L/D = 1.5 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.2.3 Velocity Contour at Different D/D, L/D = 2 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.3 Velocity Vector Plot of Blunt Nose Cone with and Without Aerospike and Aerodisk at Different Mach Numbers 3.3.1 Velocity Vector at Different D/D Ratios, L/D = 1 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.3.2 Velocity Vector at Different D/D, L/D = 1.5 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.3.3 Velocity Vector at Different D/D, L/D = 2 and Mach Number, M = 10 3.4 Effect of Lift Co-efficient and Drag Co-efficient on Blunt Nose Cone with and Without Aerodisk and Aerospike with Mach Number of 10 4 Conclusion References 19 Analysis of Supercritical Hydrocarbon Fuel as a Coolant for Improved Thermal Performance of Scramjet Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 Calculation 3.2 Simulation Conditions 3.3 Solving the Governing Equations 4 Results and Conclusion 5 Future Work References 20 Experimental Investigation of Double Delta Wings with Different Angles of Attack at Subsonic Speeds Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Lift Force on Various Configurations of Double Delta at Subsonic Speed 3.2 Effect of Drag Force on Various Configurations of Double Delta at Subsonic Speed 3.3 Effect of Pitching Moment on Different Configurations of Double Delta at Subsonic Speed 4 Conclusion References