25 Years of Transformations of Higher Education Systems in Post-Soviet Countries: Reform and Continuity (Palgrave Studies in Global Higher Education)

Annotation This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book is a result of the first ever study of the transformations of the higher education institutional landscape in fifteen former USSR countries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It explores how the single Soviet model that developed across the vast and diverse territory of the Soviet Union over several decades has evolved into fifteen unique national systems, systems that have responded to national and global developments while still bearing some traces of the past. The book is distinctive as it presents a comprehensive analysis of the reforms and transformations in the region in the last 25 years; and it focuses on institutional landscape through the evolution of the institutional types established and developed in Pre-Soviet, Soviet and Post-Soviet time. It also embraces all fifteen countries of the former USSR, and provides a comparative analysis of transformations of institutional landscape across Post-Soviet systems. It will be highly relevant for students and researchers in the fields of higher education and and sociology, particularly those with an interest in historical and comparative studies Front Matter ....Pages i-xxviii Transformation of Higher Education Institutional Landscape in Post-Soviet Countries: From Soviet Model to Where? (Anna Smolentseva, Jeroen Huisman, Isak Froumin)....Pages 1-43 Common Legacy: Evolution of the Institutional Landscape of Soviet Higher Education (Isak Froumin, Yaroslav Kouzminov)....Pages 45-72 Armenia: Transformational Peculiarities of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Higher Education System (Susanna Karakhanyan)....Pages 73-96 Higher Education Transformation, Institutional Diversity and Typology of Higher Education Institutions in Azerbaijan (Hamlet Isakhanli, Aytaj Pashayeva)....Pages 97-121 Belarus: Higher Education Dynamics and Institutional Landscape (Olga Gille-Belova, Larissa Titarenko)....Pages 123-147 Inverted U-shape of Estonian Higher Education: Post-Socialist Liberalism and Postpostsocialist Consolidation (Ellu Saar, Triin Roosalu)....Pages 149-174 Georgia: Higher Education System Dynamics and Institutional Diversity (Lela Chakhaia, Tamar Bregvadze)....Pages 175-197 Looking at Kazakhstan’s Higher Education Landscape: From Transition to Transformation Between 1920 and 2015 (Elise S. Ahn, John Dixon, Larissa Chekmareva)....Pages 199-227 Institutional Strategies of Higher Education Reform in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan: Differentiating to Survive Between State and Market (Jarkyn Shadymanova, Sarah Amsler)....Pages 229-257 Latvia: A Historical Analysis of Transformation and Diversification of the Higher Education System (Ali Ait Si Mhamed, Zane Vārpiņa, Indra Dedze, Rita Kaša)....Pages 259-283 Lithuanian Higher Education: Between Path Dependence and Change (Liudvika Leišytė, Anna-Lena Rose, Elena Schimmelpfennig)....Pages 285-310 Moldova: Institutions Under Stress—The Past, the Present and the Future of Moldova’s Higher Education System (Lukas Bischof, Alina Tofan)....Pages 311-335 Russia: The Institutional Landscape of Russian Higher Education (Daria Platonova, Dmitry Semyonov)....Pages 337-362 Higher Education in Tajikistan: Institutional Landscape and Key Policy Developments (Alan J. DeYoung, Zumrad Kataeva, Dilrabo Jonbekova)....Pages 363-385 The Transformation of Higher Education in Turkmenistan: Continuity and Change (Victoria Clement, Zumrad Kataeva)....Pages 387-405 Ukraine: Higher Education Reforms and Dynamics of the Institutional Landscape (Nataliya L. Rumyantseva, Olena I. Logvynenko)....Pages 407-433 Uzbekistan: Higher Education Reforms and the Changing Landscape Since Independence (Kobil Ruziev, Umar Burkhanov)....Pages 435-459 Back Matter ....Pages 461-482 This thesis lays the groundwork for the automatic supervision of the laser incision process, which aims to complement surgeons' perception of the state of tissues and enhance their control over laser incisions. The research problem is formulated as the estimation of variables that are representative of the state of tissues during laser cutting. Prior research in this area leveraged numerical computation methods that bear a high computational cost and are not straightforward to use in a surgical setting. This book proposes a novel solution to this problem, using models inspired by the ability of experienced surgeons to perform precise and clean laser cutting. It shows that these new models, which were extracted from experimental data using statistical learning techniques, are straightforward to use in a surgical setup, allowing greater precision in laser-based surgical procedures Biomedical Engineering, Robotics and Automation, User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction, Minimally Invasive Surgery