2021–2022 BCSC Basic and Clinical Science CourseTM,Section 12: Retina and Vitreous

The retina is the delicate neuroepithelium that lines the posterior segment of the eye, adhering firmly to the optic nerve head posteriorly and to the ora serrata anteriorly. Divided into central and extra-areal periphery, this layer of modified sensory cilia serves important aspects of visual function, including:• detail discrimination• color perception• vision in dim illumination• peripheral visionThe vitreous, which is the transparent structure that fills the posterior segment eye cavity, plays an impor tant role in many diseases of the posterior segment. Understanding its structure and the changes it may undergo as a result of aging is key to understanding many vitreoretinal disorders. Contents Introduction Basic Anatomy Diagnostic Approach to Retinal Disease Retinal Physiology and Psychophysics Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Other Causes of Choroidal Neovascularization Retinal Vascular Disease: Diabetic Retinopathy Retinal Vascular Diseases Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Other Retinal Vascular Diseases Retinopathy of Prematurity Choroidal Disease Myopia and Pathologic Myopia Focal and Diffuse Choroidal and Retinal Inflammation Congenital and Stationary Retinal Disease Hereditary Retinal and Choroidal Dystrophies Retinal Degenerations Associated With Systemic Disease Systemic Drug-Induced Retinal Toxicity Retinal Detachment and Predisposing Lesions Diseases of the Vitreous and Vitreoretinal Interface Posterior Segment Manifestations of Trauma Laser Therapy for Posterior Segment Diseases Vitreoretinal Surgery and Intravitreal Injections Index