2019 ASME boiler and pressure vessel code : an international code. Section VIII, Rules for construction of pressure vessels. Division 1

Table of Contents List of Sections INTERPRETATIONS CODE CASES Foreword Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees 1 Introduction 2 Inquiry Format 3 Code Revisions or Additions 4 Code Cases 5 Code Interpretations 6 Submittals Personnel Summary of Changes List of Changes in Record Number Order Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Subparagraph Breakdowns/Nested Lists Hierarchy Footnotes Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees Cross-References Introduction U-1 Scope U-2 General U-3 Standards Referenced by This Division U-4 Units of Measurement U-5 Tolerances Subsection A General Requirements Part UG General Requirements for All Methods of Construction and All Materials Outline placeholder UG-1 Scope Materials UG-4 General UG-5 Plate UG-6 Forgings UG-7 Castings UG-8 Pipe and Tubes UG-9 Welding Materials UG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Division, and Material Not Fully Identified UG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts Furnished Without a Certification Mark UG-12 Bolts and Studs UG-13 Nuts and Washers UG-14 Rods and Bars UG-15 Product Specification Design UG-16 General UG-17 Methods of Fabrication in Combination UG-18 Materials in Combination UG-19 Special Constructions UG-20 Design Temperature UG-21 Design Pressure UG-22 Loadings UG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UG-24 Castings UG-25 Corrosion UG-26 Linings UG-27 Thickness of Shells Under Internal Pressure UG-28 Thickness of Shells and Tubes Under External Pressure UG-29 Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure UG-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings UG-31 Tubes, and Pipe When Used as Tubes or Shells UG-32 Formed Heads, and Sections, Pressure on Concave Side UG-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UG-34 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers UG-35 Other Types of Closures Openings and Reinforcements UG-36 Openings in Pressure Vessels UG-37 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Shells and Formed Heads UG-38 Flued Openings in Shells and Formed Heads UG-39 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Flat Heads and Covers UG-40 Limits of Reinforcement UG-41 Strength of Reinforcement UG-42 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings UG-43 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls UG-44 Flanges and Pipe Fittings UG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness UG-46 Inspection Openings Braced and Stayed Surfaces UG-47 Braced and Stayed Surfaces UG-48 Staybolts UG-49 Location of Staybolts UG-50 Dimensions of Staybolts Ligaments UG-53 Ligaments UG-54 Supports UG-55 Lugs for Platforms, Ladders, and Other Attachments to Vessel Walls Fabrication UG-75 General UG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock UG-77 Material Identification (see UG-85) UG-78 Repair of Defects in Materials UG-79 Forming Pressure Parts UG-80 Permissible Out‐of‐Roundness of Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells UG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads UG-82 Lugs and Fitting Attachments UG-83 Holes for Screw Stays UG-84 Charpy Impact Tests UG-85 Heat Treatment Inspection and Tests UG-90 General UG-91 The Inspector UG-92 Access for Inspector UG-93 Inspection of Materials UG-94 Marking on Materials UG-95 Examination of Surfaces During Fabrication UG-96 Dimensional Check of Component Parts UG-97 Inspection During Fabrication UG-98 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure UG-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test UG-100 Pneumatic Test (see UW-50) UG-101 Proof Tests to Establish Maximum Allowable Working Pressure UG-102 Test Gages UG-103 Nondestructive Testing Marking and Reports UG-115 General UG-116 Required Marking UG-117 Certificates of Authorization and Certification Marks UG-118 Methods of Marking UG-119 Nameplates UG-120 Data Reports Overpressure Protection UG-125 General UG-126 Pressure Relief Valves UG-127 Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices UG-128 Liquid Pressure Relief Valves UG-129 Marking UG-130 Certification Mark UG-131 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Devices UG-132 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves in Combination With Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices UG-133 Determination of Pressure-Relieving Requirements UG-134 Pressure Settings and Performance Requirements UG-135 Installation UG-136 Minimum Requirements for Pressure Relief Valves UG-137 Minimum Requirements for Rupture Disk Devices UG-138 Minimum Requirements for Pin Devices UG-140 Overpressure Protection by System Design Subsection B Requirements Pertaining to Methods of Fabrication of Pressure Vessels Part UW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Welding General UW-1 Scope UW-2 Service Restrictions UW-3 Welded Joint Category Materials UW-5 General UW-6 Nonmandatory Guidelines for Welding Material Selections Design UW-8 General UW-9 Design of Welded Joints UW-10 Postweld Heat Treatment UW-11 Radiographic and Ultrasonic Examination UW-12 Joint Efficiencies UW-13 Attachment Details UW-14 Openings in or Adjacent to Welds UW-15 Welded Connections UW-16 Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds at Openings UW-17 Plug Welds UW-18 Fillet Welds UW-19 Welded Stayed Construction UW-20 Tube‐to‐Tubesheet Welds UW-21 ASME B16.5 Socket and Slip-on Flange Welds Fabrication UW-26 General UW-27 Welding Processes UW-28 Qualification of Welding Procedure UW-29 Tests of Welders and Welding Operators UW-30 Lowest Permissible Temperatures for Welding UW-31 Cutting, Fitting, and Alignment UW-32 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded UW-33 Alignment Tolerance UW-34 Spin‐Holes UW-35 Finished Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints UW-36 Fillet Welds UW-37 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements UW-38 Repair of Weld Defects UW-39 Peening UW-40 Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment UW-41 Sectioning of Welded Joints UW-42 Surface Weld Metal Buildup Inspection and Tests UW-46 General UW-47 Check of Welding Procedure UW-48 Check of Welder and Welding Operator Qualifications UW-49 Check of Postweld Heat Treatment Practice UW-50 Nondestructive Examination of Welds on Pneumatically Tested Vessels UW-51 Radiographic Examination of Welded Joints UW-52 Spot Examination of Welded Joints UW-53 Ultrasonic Examination of Welded Joints UW-54 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel Marking and Reports UW-60 General Part UF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Forging General UF-1 Scope Materials UF-5 General UF-6 Forgings UF-7 Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery Design UF-12 General UF-13 Head Design UF-25 Corrosion Allowance Fabrication UF-26 General UF-27 Tolerances on Body Forgings UF-28 Methods of Forming Forged Heads UF-29 Tolerance on Forged Heads UF-30 Localized Thin Areas UF-31 Heat Treatment UF-32 Welding for Fabrication UF-37 Repair of Defects in Material UF-38 Repair of Weld Defects UF-43 Attachment of Threaded Nozzles to Integrally Forged Necks and Thickened Heads on Vessels Inspection and Tests UF-45 General UF-46 Acceptance by Inspector UF-47 Parts Forging UF-52 Check of Heat Treatment and Postweld Heat Treatment UF-53 Test Specimens UF-54 Tests and Retests UF-55 Ultrasonic Examination Marking and Reports UF-115 General Part UB Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Brazing General UB-1 Scope UB-2 Elevated Temperature UB-3 Service Restrictions Materials UB-5 General UB-6 Brazing Filler Metals UB-7 Fluxes and Atmospheres Design UB-9 General UB-10 Strength of Brazed Joints UB-11 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures Up to the Maximum Shown in Column 1 of Table UB-2 UB-12 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures in the Range Shown in Column 2 of Table UB-2 UB-13 Corrosion UB-14 Joint Efficiency Factors UB-15 Application of Brazing Filler Metal UB-16 Permissible Types of Joints UB-17 Joint Clearance UB-18 Joint Brazing Procedure UB-19 Openings UB-20 Nozzles UB-21 Brazed Connections UB-22 Low Temperature Operation Fabrication UB-30 General UB-31 Qualification of Brazing Procedure UB-32 Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators UB-33 Buttstraps UB-34 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Brazed UB-35 Clearance Between Surfaces to Be Brazed UB-36 Postbrazing Operations UB-37 Repair of Defective Brazing Inspection and Tests UB-40 General UB-41 Inspection During Fabrication UB-42 Procedure UB-43 Brazer and Brazing Operator UB-44 Visual Examination UB-50 Exemptions Marking and Reports UB-55 General Subsection C Requirements Pertaining to Classes of Materials Part UCS Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels General UCS-1 Scope Materials UCS-5 General UCS-6 Steel Plates UCS-7 Steel Forgings UCS-8 Steel Castings UCS-9 Steel Pipe and Tubes UCS-10 Bolt Materials UCS-11 Nuts and Washers UCS-12 Bars and Shapes Design UCS-16 General UCS-19 Welded Joints UCS-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCS-27 Shells Made From Pipe UCS-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UCS-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure UCS-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell UCS-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UCS-56 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment UCS-57 Radiographic Examination Low Temperature Operation UCS-65 Scope UCS-66 Materials UCS-67 Impact Tests of Welding Procedures UCS-68 Design Fabrication UCS-75 General UCS-79 Forming Pressure Parts UCS-85 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens Inspection and Tests UCS-90 General Marking and Reports UCS-115 General Nonmandatory Appendix UCS-A UCS-A-1 General UCS-A-2 Creep–Rupture Properties of Carbon Steels UCS-A-3 Vessels Operating at Temperatures Colder Than the MDMT Stamped on the Nameplate Part UNF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Nonferrous Materials General UNF-1 Scope UNF-3 Uses UNF-4 Conditions of Service Materials UNF-5 General UNF-6 Nonferrous Plate UNF-7 Forgings UNF-8 Castings UNF-12 Bolt Materials UNF-13 Nuts and Washers UNF-14 Rods, Bars, and Shapes UNF-15 Other Materials Design UNF-16 General UNF-19 Welded Joints UNF-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UNF-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UNF-30 Stiffening Rings UNF-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UNF-56 Postweld Heat Treatment UNF-57 Radiographic Examination UNF-58 Liquid Penetrant Examination UNF-65 Low Temperature Operation Fabrication UNF-75 General UNF-77 Forming Shell Sections and Heads UNF-78 Welding UNF-79 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining Inspection and Tests UNF-90 General UNF-91 Requirements for the Image Quality Indicator UNF-95 Welding Test Plates Marking and Reports UNF-115 General Nonmandatory Appendix UNF-A Characteristics of the Nonferrous Materials UNF-A-1 Purpose UNF-A-2 General UNF-A-3 Properties UNF-A-4 Magnetic Properties UNF-A-5 Elevated Temperature Effects UNF-A-6 Low Temperature Behavior UNF-A-7 Thermal Cutting UNF-A-8 Machining UNF-A-9 Gas Welding UNF-A-10 Metal Arc Welding UNF-A-11 Inert Gas Metal Arc Welding UNF-A-12 Resistance Welding UNF-A-13 Corrosion UNF-A-14 Special Comments Part UHA Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of High Alloy Steel General UHA-1 Scope UHA-5 Uses UHA-6 Conditions of Service UHA-8 Material Materials UHA-11 General UHA-12 Bolt Materials UHA-13 Nuts and Washers Design UHA-20 General UHA-21 Welded Joints UHA-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UHA-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UHA-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure UHA-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell UHA-31 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UHA-32 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment UHA-33 Radiographic Examination UHA-34 Liquid Penetrant Examination Fabrication UHA-40 General UHA-42 Weld Metal Composition UHA-44 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining Inspection and Tests UHA-50 General UHA-51 Impact Tests UHA-52 Welded Test Plates Marking and Reports UHA-60 General Nonmandatory Appendix UHA-A Suggestions on the Selection and Treatment of Austenitic Chromium–Nickel and Ferritic and Martensitic High Chromium Steels UHA-A-1 General UHA-A-2 Dissimilar Weld Metal UHA-A-3 Fabrication UHA-A-4 Relaxation Cracking Part UCI Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Iron General UCI-1 Scope UCI-2 Service Restrictions UCI-3 Pressure–Temperature Limitations Materials UCI-5 General UCI-12 Bolt Materials Design UCI-16 General UCI-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCI-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UCI-29 Dual Metal Cylinders UCI-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side UCI-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side UCI-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) UCI-36 Openings and Reinforcements UCI-37 Corners and Fillets Fabrication UCI-75 General UCI-78 Repairs in Cast Iron Materials Inspection and Tests UCI-90 General UCI-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test UCI-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction Marking and Reports UCI-115 General Part UCL Requirements for Welded Pressure Vessels Constructed of Material With Corrosion Resistant Integral Cladding, Weld Metal Overlay Cladding, or Applied Linings General UCL-1 Scope UCL-2 Methods of Fabrication UCL-3 Conditions of Service Materials UCL-10 General UCL-11 Integral and Weld Metal Overlay Clad Material UCL-12 Lining Design UCL-20 General UCL-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCL-24 Maximum Allowable Working Temperature UCL-25 Corrosion of Cladding or Lining Material UCL-26 Thickness of Shells and Heads Under External Pressure UCL-27 Low Temperature Operations Fabrication UCL-30 General UCL-31 Joints in Integral or Weld Metal Overlay Cladding and Applied Linings UCL-32 Weld Metal Composition UCL-33 Inserted Strips in Clad Material UCL-34 Postweld Heat Treatment UCL-35 Radiographic Examination UCL-36 Examination of Chromium Stainless Steel Cladding or Lining UCL-40 Welding Procedures UCL-42 Alloy Welds in Base Metal UCL-46 Fillet Welds Inspection and Tests UCL-50 General UCL-51 Tightness of Applied Lining UCL-52 Hydrostatic Test Marking and Reports UCL-55 General Part UCD Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Ductile Iron General UCD-1 Scope UCD-2 Service Restrictions UCD-3 Pressure–Temperature Limitations Materials UCD-5 General UCD-12 Bolt Materials Design UCD-16 General UCD-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UCD-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UCD-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side UCD-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side UCD-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) UCD-36 Openings and Reinforcements UCD-37 Corners and Fillets Fabrication UCD-75 General UCD-78 Repairs in Cast Ductile Iron Material Inspection and Tests UCD-90 General UCD-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test UCD-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction Marking and Reports UCD-115 General Part UHT Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Ferritic Steels With Tensile Properties Enhanced by Heat Treatment General UHT-1 Scope Materials UHT-5 General UHT-6 Test Requirements Design UHT-16 General UHT-17 Welded Joints UHT-18 Nozzles UHT-19 Conical Sections UHT-20 Joint Alignment UHT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values UHT-25 Corrosion Allowance UHT-27 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure UHT-28 Structural Attachments and Stiffening Rings UHT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure UHT-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shells UHT-32 Formed Heads, Pressure on Concave Side UHT-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side UHT-34 Hemispherical Heads UHT-40 Materials Having Different Coefficients of Expansion UHT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment UHT-57 Examination Fabrication UHT-75 General UHT-79 Forming Pressure Parts UHT-80 Heat Treatment UHT-81 Heat Treatment Verification Tests UHT-82 Welding UHT-83 Methods of Metal Removal UHT-84 Weld Finish UHT-85 Structural and Temporary Welds UHT-86 Marking on Plates and Other Materials Inspection and Tests UHT-90 General Marking and Reports UHT-115 General Part ULW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Layered Construction Introduction ULW-1 Scope ULW-2 Nomenclature Material ULW-5 General Design ULW-16 General ULW-17 Design of Welded Joints ULW-18 Nozzle Attachments and Opening Reinforcement ULW-20 Welded Joint Efficiency ULW-22 Attachments ULW-26 Postweld Heat Treatment Welding ULW-31 Welded Joints ULW-32 Welding Procedure Qualification ULW-33 Performance Qualification Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints ULW-50 General ULW-51 Inner Shells and Inner Heads ULW-52 Layers — Welded Joints ULW-53 Layers — Step Welded Girth Joints ULW-54 Butt Joints ULW-55 Flat Head and Tubesheet Weld Joints ULW-56 Nozzle and Communicating Chambers Weld Joints ULW-57 Random Spot Examination and Repairs of Weld Fabrication ULW-75 General ULW-76 Vent Holes ULW-77 Contact Between Layers ULW-78 Alternative to Measuring Contact Between Layers During Construction Inspection and Testing ULW-90 General Marking and Reports ULW-115 General Part ULT Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Materials Having Higher Allowable Stresses at Low Temperature General ULT-1 Scope ULT-2 Conditions of Service ULT-5 General Design ULT-16 General ULT-17 Welded Joints ULT-18 Nozzles and Other Connections ULT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values ULT-27 Thickness of Shells ULT-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure ULT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure ULT-30 Structural Attachments ULT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment ULT-57 Examination Fabrication ULT-75 General ULT-79 Forming Shell Sections and Heads ULT-82 Welding ULT-86 Marking on Plate and Other Materials Inspection and Tests ULT-90 General ULT-99 Hydrostatic Test ULT-100 Pneumatic Test Marking and Reports ULT-115 General Overpressure Protection ULT-125 General Part UHX Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers UHX-1 Scope UHX-2 Materials and Methods of Fabrication UHX-3 Terminology UHX-4 Design UHX-8 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W* UHX-9 Tubesheet Extension UHX-10 General Conditions of Applicability for Tubesheets UHX-11 Tubesheet Characteristics UHX-12 Rules for the Design of U‐Tube Tubesheets UHX-13 Rules for the Design of Fixed Tubesheets UHX-14 Rules for the Design of Floating Tubesheets UHX-16 Bellows Expansion Joints UHX-17 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints UHX-18 Pressure Test Requirements UHX-19 Heat Exchanger Marking and Reports UHX-20 Examples Part UIG Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Impregnated Graphite Nonmandatory Introduction General UIG-1 Scope UIG-2 Equipment and Service Limitations UIG-3 Terminology Materials UIG-5 Raw Material Control UIG-6 Certified Material Control UIG-7 Additional Properties UIG-8 Tolerances for Impregnated Graphite Tubes Design UIG-22 Loadings UIG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Certified Material UIG-27 Thickness of Cylindrical Shells Made of Certified Materials Under Internal Pressure UIG-28 External Pressure UIG-29 Euler Buckling of Extruded Graphite Tubes UIG-34 Calculating Flat Heads, Covers, and Tubesheets UIG-36 Openings and Reinforcements UIG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness UIG-60 Lethal Service Fabrication UIG-75 General Requirements UIG-76 Procedure and Personnel Qualification UIG-77 Certified Material Specification UIG-78 Certified Cement Specification UIG-79 Certified Cementing Procedure Specification UIG-80 Cementing Technician Qualification UIG-81 Repair of Materials UIG-84 Required Tests Inspection and Tests UIG-90 General UIG-95 Visual Examination UIG-96 Qualification of Visual Examination Personnel UIG-97 Acceptance Standards and Documentation UIG-99 Pressure Tests UIG-112 Quality Control Requirements UIG-115 Markings and Reports UIG-116 Required Markings UIG-120 Data Reports UIG-121 Records Mandatory Appendices Mandatory Appendix 1 Supplementary Design Formulas 1-1 Thickness of Cylindrical and Spherical Shells 1-2 Cylindrical Shells 1-3 Spherical Shells 1-4 Formulas for the Design of Formed Heads Under Internal Pressure 1-5 Rules for Conical Reducer Sections and Conical Heads Under Internal Pressure 1-6 Dished Covers (Bolted Heads) 1-7 Large Openings in Cylindrical and Conical Shells 1-8 Rules for Reinforcement of Cones and Conical Reducers Under External Pressure Mandatory Appendix 2 Rules for Bolted Flange Connections With Ring Type Gaskets 2-1 Scope 2-2 Materials 2-3 Notation 2-4 Circular Flange Types 2-5 Bolt Loads 2-6 Flange Moments 2-7 Calculation of Flange Stresses 2-8 Allowable Flange Design Stresses 2-9 Split Loose Flanges 2-10 Noncircular Shaped Flanges With Circular Bore 2-11 Flanges Subject to External Pressures 2-12 Flanges With Nut‐Stops 2-13 Reverse Flanges 2-14 Flange Rigidity 2-15 Qualification of Assembly Procedures and Assemblers Mandatory Appendix 3 Definitions 3-1 Introduction 3-2 Definitions of Terms Mandatory Appendix 4 Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indications in Welds 4-1 Applicability of These Standards 4-2 Terminology 4-3 Acceptance Criteria Mandatory Appendix 5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 5-1 General 5-2 Materials 5-3 Design 5-4 Fabrication 5-5 Inspection and Tests 5-6 Marking and Reports Mandatory Appendix 6 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) 6-1 Scope 6-2 Certification of Competency for Nondestructive Examination Personnel 6-3 Evaluation of Indications 6-4 Acceptance Standards 6-5 Repair Requirements Mandatory Appendix 7 Examination of Steel Castings 7-1 Scope 7-2 Examination Techniques 7-3 Examination Requirements 7-4 Repairs 7-5 Identification and Marking Mandatory Appendix 8 Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) 8-1 Scope 8-2 Certification of Competency of Nondestructive Examination Personnel 8-3 Evaluation of Indications 8-4 Acceptance Standards 8-5 Repair Requirements Mandatory Appendix 9 Jacketed Vessels 9-1 Scope 9-2 Types of Jacketed Vessels 9-3 Materials 9-4 Design of Jacket Shells and Jacket Heads 9-5 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Vessel 9-6 Design of Penetrations Through Jackets 9-7 Design of Partial Jackets 9-8 Fabrication 9-10 Inspection Mandatory Appendix 10 Quality Control System 10-1 General 10-2 Outline of Features to Be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System 10-3 Authority and Responsibility 10-4 Organization 10-5 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control 10-6 Material Control 10-7 Examination and Inspection Program 10-8 Correction of Nonconformities 10-9 Welding 10-10 Nondestructive Examination 10-11 Heat Treatment 10-12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment 10-13 Records Retention 10-14 Sample Forms 10-15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts 10-16 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves 10-17 Certifications Mandatory Appendix 11 Capacity Conversions for Safety Valves 11-1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 11-2 Mandatory Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT) 12-1 Scope 12-2 Certification of Competence of Nondestructive Examiner 12-3 Acceptance–Rejection Standards 12-4 Report of Examination Mandatory Appendix 13 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 13-1 Scope 13-2 Types of Vessels 13-3 Materials 13-4 Design of Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 13-5 Nomenclature 13-6 Ligament Efficiency of Multidiameter Holes in Plates 13-7 Unreinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 13-8 Reinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 13-9 Stayed Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section [Figure 13-2(a), Sketches (7) and (8)] 13-10 Unreinforced Vessels Having an Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (1)] 13-11 Reinforced Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (2)] 13-12 Stayed Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (3)] 13-13 Vessels of Circular Cross Section Having a Single Diametral Staying Member [Figure 13-2(c)] 13-14 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section Subject to External Pressure 13-15 Fabrication 13-16 Inspection 13-17 Examples 13-18 Special Calculations Mandatory Appendix 14 Integral Flat Heads With a Large, Single, Circular, Centrally Located Opening 14-1 Scope 14-2 Nomenclature 14-3 Design Procedure 14-4 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 17 Dimpled or Embossed Assemblies 17-1 Scope 17-2 Service Restrictions 17-3 Materials 17-4 Thickness Limitations 17-5 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) 17-6 Design Limitations 17-7 Welding Control 17-8 Quality Control 17-9 Records 17-10 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 18 Adhesive Attachment of Nameplates 18-1 Scope 18-2 Nameplate Application Procedure Qualification Mandatory Appendix 19 Electrically Heated or Gas-Fired Jacketed Steam Kettles 19-1 Scope 19-2 Service Restrictions 19-3 Materials 19-4 Design 19-5 Inspection and Stamping 19-6 Pressure Relief 19-7 Appurtenances and Controls 19-8 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 20 Hubs Machined From Plate 20-1 Scope 20-2 Material 20-3 Examination Requirements 20-4 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 21 Jacketed Vessels Constructed of Work‐Hardened Nickel 21-1 Scope 21-2 Design Requirements 21-3 Fabrication 21-4 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 22 Integrally Forged Vessels 22-1 Scope 22-2 Material 22-3 Design 22-4 Heat Treatment 22-5 Marking 22-6 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 23 External Pressure Design of Copper, Copper Alloy, and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins 23-1 Scope 23-2 Materials 23-3 Test Procedure 23-4 Criteria 23-5 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 24 Design Rules for Clamp Connections 24-1 Scope 24-2 Materials 24-3 Notation 24-4 Bolt Loads 24-5 Hub Moments 24-6 Calculation of Hub Stresses 24-7 Calculation of Clamp Stresses 24-8 Allowable Design Stresses for Clamp Connections Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 26-1 Scope 26-2 Conditions of Applicability 26-3 Nomenclature 26-4 Design Considerations 26-4.1 General 26-4.2 Fatigue 26-4.3 Torsion 26-5 Materials 26-6 Design of U‐Shaped Unreinforced Bellows 26-6.1 Scope 26-6.2 Conditions of Applicability 26-6.3 Internal Pressure Capacity 26-6.4 Instability Due to Internal Pressure 26-6.5 External Pressure Strength 26-6.6 Fatigue Evaluation 26-6.7 Axial Stiffness 26-7 Design of U‐Shaped Reinforced Bellows 26-7.1 Scope 26-7.2 Conditions of Applicability 26-7.3 Internal Pressure Capacity 26-7.4 Instability Due to Internal Pressure 26-7.5 External Pressure Strength 26-7.6 Fatigue Evaluation 26-7.7 Axial Stiffness 26-8 Design of Toroidal Bellows 26-8.1 Scope 26-8.2 Conditions of Applicability 26-8.3 Internal Pressure Capacity 26-8.4 Instability Due to Internal Pressure 26-8.5 External Pressure Strength 26-8.6 Fatigue Evaluation 26-8.7 Axial Stiffness 26-9 Bellows Subjected to Axial, Lateral, or Angular Displacements 26-9.1 General 26-9.2 Axial Displacement 26-9.3 Lateral Deflection 26-9.4 Angular Rotation 26-9.5 Total Equivalent Axial Displacement Per Convolution 26-9.6 Total Equivalent Axial Displacement Range per Convolution 26-10 Fabrication 26-11 Examination 26-12 Pressure Test Requirements 26-12.1 Design Requirements 26-12.2 Test Requirements 26-13 Marking and Reports 26-14 Examples 26-15 Polynomial Approximation for Coefficients Cp, Cf, Cd 26-15.1 Coefficient Cp 26-15.2 Coefficient Cf 26-15.3 Coefficient Cd Mandatory Appendix 27 Alternative Requirements for Glass‐Lined Vessels 27-1 Scope 27-2 Permissible Out‐of‐Roundness of Cylindrical Shells Under Internal Pressure 27-3 Permissible Tolerance for Hemispherical or 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads 27-4 Hydrostatic Test 27-5 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens 27-6 Low Temperature Operation 27-7 Postweld Heat Treatment 27-8 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 30 Rules for Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through Vessel Wall 30-1 Scope 30-2 Supplementary Requirements 30-3 Nomenclature Mandatory Appendix 31 Rules for Cr–Mo Steels With Additional Requirements for Welding and Heat Treatment 31-1 Scope 31-2 Postweld Heat Treatment 31-3 Test Specimen Heat Treatment 31-4 Welding Procedure Qualification and Welding Consumables Testing 31-5 Toughness Requirements Mandatory Appendix 32 Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments of Shells 32-1 Scope 32-2 General Requirements 32-3 Nomenclature 32-4 Allowable Locations for Local Thin Areas 32-5 Blend Grinding Requirements for Local Thin Areas 32-6 Single Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 32-7 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 32-8 Single Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 32-9 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 32-10 Data Reports Mandatory Appendix 33 Standard Units for Use in Equations Mandatory Appendix 34 Requirements for Use of High Silicon Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessels 34-1 Scope 34-2 Heat Treatment 34-3 Weld Procedure Qualification 34-4 Toughness Requirements 34-5 Additional Requirements Mandatory Appendix 35 Rules for Mass Production of Pressure Vessels 35-1 Introduction 35-2 Scope 35-3 General 35-4 Quality Control Procedures 35-5 Data Reports 35-6 Pneumatic Testing 35-7 Hydrostatic Testing Mandatory Appendix 36 Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Strength of Certified Materials Using Three‐Point Loading 36-1 Scope 36-2 Terminology 36-3 Apparatus 36-4 Test Specimen 36-5 Procedure 36-6 Test Data Record 36-7 Calculation 36-8 Report Mandatory Appendix 37 Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Strength of Certified Impregnated Graphite Materials 37-1 Scope 37-2 Terminology 37-3 Apparatus 37-4 Test Specimens 37-5 Procedure 37-6 Test Data Record 37-7 Calculations 37-8 Reports Mandatory Appendix 38 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Impregnated Graphite 38-1 Scope 38-2 Referenced Documents 38-3 Terminology 38-4 Significance and Use 38-5 Apparatus 38-6 Sampling 38-7 Test Specimen 38-8 Procedure 38-9 Calculation 38-10 Report 38-11 Precision and Bias Mandatory Appendix 39 Testing the Coefficient of Permeability of Impregnated Graphite 39-1 Scope and Field of Application 39-2 Concept 39-3 Principle 39-4 Apparatus 39-5 Specimens 39-6 Procedure 39-7 Test Report 39-8 Precision Mandatory Appendix 40 Thermal Expansion Test Method for Graphite and Impregnated Graphite 40-1 Scope 40-2 Test Metho Descripción del editor: "This Division of Section VIII provides requirements applicable to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psig. Such pressure vessels may be fired or unfired. Specific requirements apply to several classes of material used in pressure vessel construction, and also to fabrication methods such as welding, forging and brazing. It contains mandatory and nonmandatory appendices detailing supplementary design criteria, nondestructive examination and inspection acceptance standards. Rules pertaining to the use of the U, UM and UV ASME Product Certification Marks are also included.Careful application of this Section will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes.Intended for manufacturers, users, constructors, designers and others concerned with the design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection and testing of pressure vessels, plus all potential governing entities" (ASME)