1989: A Global History of Eastern Europe (New Approaches to European History, Series Number 59)

The collapse of the Berlin Wall has come to represent the entry of an isolated region onto the global stage. On the contrary, this study argues that communist states had in fact long been shapers of an interconnecting world, with '1989' instead marking a choice by local elites about the form that globalisation should take. Published to coincide with the thirtieth anniversary of the 1989 revolutions, this work draws on material from local archives to international institutions to explore the place of Eastern Europe in the emergence, since the 1970s, of a new world order that combined neoliberal economics and liberal democracy with increasingly bordered civilisational, racial and religious identities. An original and wide-ranging history, it explores the importance of the region's links to the West, East Asia, Africa, and Latin America in this global transformation, reclaiming the era's other visions such as socialist democracy or authoritarian modernisation which had been lost in triumphalist histories of market liberalism. Cover Half-title Series information Title page Copyright information Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Going Global The Long Transition and the Making of Transitional Elites in Global Perspective A Global History of the Other '1989s' The End of the '1989' Era? 1. Globalisation From Socialist Internationalism to Capitalist Globalisation Debt and Ideological Reorientation Abandoning Alternative Trade The West Is Not the Enemy: Reinterpreting Peripheralisation and Backwardness The Choice of 'Neoliberal' Globalisation Authoritarian Transformations? Transformation from Within Conclusion 2. Democratisation Reforming Elites Opposition from the Local to the Global and Back The Journey to Liberal Democracy Alternatives to '1989': Authoritarianism and Violence Authoritarian Models at the Semi-periphery China and the Dilemma of Violence The Romanian Lesson Disciplining Transition and Democratic Peace Democracy Templates and the Spectre of Authoritarianism Emerging Democracies and Liberal Internationalism 3. Europeanisation The Early Cold War: A Divided Europe Helsinki – Re-bordering Europe? An Anti-colonial Europe: Critiquing Helsinki A Prehistory of Fortress Europe: Civilisational Bordering in Late Socialism Eastern Europe, a Buffer against Islam? After 1989: 'Fortress Europe'? Conclusion 4. Self-Determination The Rise of Anti-colonial Self-Determination The Soviet Withdrawal Peace or Violence Reverberations of Eastern European Self-Determination Conclusion 5. Reverberations 1989 as a New Global Script Instrumentalising 1989: The West and New Forms of Political Conditionality 'Taming' the Left Interventionism and the '1989' Myth Eastern Europeans and the Export of the Revolutionary Idea From Cuba to China: Rejecting '1989' Market Socialism Re-imagined Beyond 1989 Conclusion 6. A World without '1989' Towards the West? Ambiguous Convergence Who Is the True Europe? The Turn to Divergence Beyond the EU: Post-socialist Global Trajectories Conclusion Bibliography Primary Sources Archiv der Forschungsstelle Osteuropa, Bremen Arhivele Naionale Istorice Centrale, Bucharest (ANIC) CSCE/OSCE Archive, Prague (CSCE) Foreign Broadcast Information Services, Reston, VA (FBIS) IMF Archive, Washington, DC (IMF-EUR) Ministerul Afacerilor Externe, Bucharest (MAE) Open Society Archivum, Budapest (HU OSA) UN Archives, New York UNESCO Archives, Paris United Nations Digital Library (https://digitallibrary.un.org/) UN Office, Geneva (UNOG) Newspapers and Magazines Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria China Croatia France Germany Hungary North Macedonia Morocco Poland Portugal Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Switzerland United Kingdom United States Venezuela Zambia Television and Radio Official Documents Speeches Secondary Sources Index The Collapse Of The Berlin Wall Has Come To Represent The Entry Of An Isolated Region Onto The Global Stage. On The Contrary, This Study Argues That Communist States Had In Fact Long Been Shapers Of An Interconnecting World, With '1989' Instead Marking A Choice By Local Elites About The Form That Globalisation Should Take. Published To Coincide With The Thirtieth Anniversary Of The 1989 Revolutions, This Work Draws On Material From Local Archives To International Institutions To Explore The Place Of Eastern Europe In The Emergence, Since The 1970s, Of A New World Order That Combined Neoliberal Economics And Liberal Democracy With Increasingly Bordered Civilizational, Racial And Religious Identities. An Original And Wide-ranging History, It Explores The Importance Of The Region's Links To The West, East Asia, Africa, And Latin America In This Global Transformation, Reclaiming The Era's Other Visions Such As Socialist Democracy Or Authoritarian Modernization Which Had Been Lost In Triumphalist Histories Of Market Liberalism-- Globalisation -- Democratisation -- Europeanisation -- Self-determination -- Reverberations -- A World Without '1989'. James Mark, University Of Exeter, Bogdan C. Iacob, University Of Exeter, Tobias Rupprecht, University Of Exeter, Ljubica Spaskovska, University Of Exeter. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "The collapse of the Berlin Wall has come to represent the entry of an isolated region onto the global stage. On the contrary, this study argues that Communist states had in fact long been shapers of an interconnecting world, with '1989' instead marking a choice by local elites about the form that globalisation should take. Published to coincide with the thirtieth anniversary of the 1989 revolutions, this work draws on material from local archives to international institutions to explore the place of Eastern Europe in the emergence, since the 1970s, of a new world order that combined neoliberal economics and liberal democracy with increasingly bordered civilizational, racial and religious identities. An original and wide-ranging history, it explores the importance of the region's links to the West, East Asia, Africa, and Latin America in this global transformation, reclaiming the era's other visions such as socialist democracy or authoritarian modernization which had been lost in triumphalist histories of market liberalism"-- Provided by publisher Marking the thirtieth anniversary of the revolutions of 1989, this original and wide-ranging study places the transformation of Eastern Europe in a global context, providing new perspectives on the relationship between globalisation and the collapse of communism in the late twentieth century, and the rise of populism in the twenty-first.